Pool Boiling Heat Transfer with Segmented Nucleating Regions and Feeder Channels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current pool boiling heat transfer technologies face challenges in achieving high critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values, particularly in high-powered electronic systems, where efficient thermal management is crucial due to the limitations of traditional flat surfaces.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a substrate with nucleating regions (NRs) separated by feeder channels (FCs) creates separate liquid and vapor pathways, enhancing heat transfer by promoting vapor removal and liquid transport, thereby increasing CHF and HTC values.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional flat surfaces are used for pool boiling, then the device structure is simple, but the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecritical heat fluxVSAvoidsurface structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heating surface is segmented into distinct nucleating regions and feeder channels, creating a structured pattern that separates vapor generation zones from liquid supply zones. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each region's function, enhancing overall heat transfer performance while maintaining manageable structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the surface are given different local properties: nucleating regions are designed to promote bubble formation with specific surface characteristics, while feeder channels are designed for efficient liquid transport with different geometric features. This local differentiation optimizes each zone's function to achieve superior critical heat flux

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If nucleating regions are placed close together to increase heat transfer area, then heat transfer coefficient improves, but vapor pathways interfere with each other

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer coefficientVSAvoidvapor pathway interference
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The surface is divided into discrete nucleating regions separated by feeder channels, creating independent vapor pathways for each nucleating region. This segmentation prevents vapor interference between adjacent regions while maintaining high density of nucleating sites, thereby improving heat transfer coefficient without vapor pathway interference

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Feeder channels act as intermediary structures between nucleating regions, serving dual functions of liquid supply and vapor egress pathways. These intermediary channels physically separate vapor pathways from liquid supply paths, preventing harmful vapor interference while maintaining efficient heat transfer

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Device complexity

If vapor pathways and liquid pathways are not separated, then device structure is simple, but liquid flow is influenced by vapor formation reducing heat transfer efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepathway configurationVSAvoidheat transfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The pathway system is segmented into distinct liquid pathways (feeder channels) and vapor pathways (nucleating regions), allowing independent flow patterns. This segmentation enables liquid to flow toward nucleating regions without being disrupted by vapor formation, maintaining high heat transfer efficiency while adding only moderate structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The pathway configuration utilizes both lateral (horizontal) and vertical dimensions to separate liquid and vapor flows. Liquid flows laterally through feeder channels while vapor rises vertically from nucleating regions, utilizing different spatial dimensions to achieve pathway separation without excessive structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances CHF by up to 200% and HTC by up to 150% compared to plain surfaces, effectively improving thermal performance and delaying critical heat flux.

Implementation Method 1

vapour formed in the nucleating regions (NR) is moved away from the nucleating regions (NR) influencing liquid flow through the length of the feeder channels (FC) towards the nucleating regions (NR)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBuoyancy: Archimedes' Principle (Buoyancy)

Implementation Method 2

heat exchange region in which heat is transferred between the substrate and a fluid in communication with the substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

liquid flow through the length of the feeder channels (FC) towards the nucleating regions (NR)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 4

Pool boiling has long served as a means to dissipate large heat flux over a small footprint

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBoiling: Boiling

Implementation Method 5

vapour formed in the nucleating regions (NR)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase change: Phase Change

Data Source

PatentEP3377838B1Pool boiling enhancement with feeder channels supplying liquid to nucleating regions
Publication Date: 2022.02.23 JAIKUMAR ARVIND
  • EP3377838B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3377838B1 patent drawingFigure 1C~1D
  • EP3377838B1 patent drawingFigure 1E~1F

AI summary

A boiling heat transfer unit includes a substrate having a heat exchange region including a plurality of nucleating regions adjacent to feeder channels, wherein adjacent nucleating regions are separated by the feeder channels at a distance whereby vapor formed in the nucleating regions, is moved, away from the nucleating regions influencing liquid flow through the feeder channels towards the nucleating regions thereby establishing continuous self-sustaining separate vapor and liquid pathways increasing heat transfer due to developing region heat transfer in the feeder channels and enhancing overall boiling performance.