Porosity-Graded Battery Separator for Ionic Conductivity Balance

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Solution Overview

Problem

The difference in ionic conductivity between positive and negative electrodes in secondary batteries leads to performance deterioration, including reduced lifespan and capacity, which existing technologies have not effectively addressed.

Innovation Solution

A separator with a porous structure having varying porosity along its thickness direction, featuring different coating layers on either surface, with one layer having high hardness and the other low, to balance ionic conductivity by positioning electrodes with high and low conductivity accordingly.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the ionic conductivity of positive and negative electrodes is made equal by adjusting electrode area or thickness, then battery performance is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery performanceVSAvoidelectrode design complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The separator is designed with non-uniform porosity distribution, where different regions of the separator have different porosity values. Specifically, the porosity varies along the thickness direction, creating zones with different ionic conductivity characteristics. This allows the separator to locally compensate for electrode ionic conductivity differences without requiring complex electrode area or thickness adjustments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the porosity parameter of the separator to resolve the ionic conductivity imbalance. By controlling the porosity distribution within the separator (making it non-uniform), the effective ionic conductivity pathway is adjusted to match the different ionic conductivity characteristics of positive and negative electrodes, thereby balancing mass transfer rates without modifying electrode geometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If uniform porosity is maintained throughout the separator, then manufacturing is simpler, but ionic conductivity balance between electrodes with different properties cannot be achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparator manufacturing simplicityVSAvoidionic conductivity balance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The separator incorporates spatially varying porosity characteristics, where different regions serve different functions. The porosity is designed to be higher in regions adjacent to electrodes with lower ionic conductivity and lower in regions adjacent to electrodes with higher ionic conductivity, creating a tailored ionic transport pathway that balances overall cell performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention addresses the ionic conductivity balance by introducing variation in the thickness direction of the separator. Instead of modifying electrode dimensions (area or thickness), the solution moves to another dimension - the internal porosity distribution through the separator thickness - to achieve the desired ionic conductivity matching.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration reduces initial resistance and enhances capacity retention by aligning electrodes with high and low ionic conductivity to the appropriate porosity levels, thereby improving battery performance and energy density.

Implementation Method 1

improving lithium ionic conductivity and an electrolyte impregnation rate of the SRS separator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic conductivity: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

A volume in which a liquid electrolyte solution is placed is increased by virtue of the porous structure, thereby improving lithium ionic conductivity and an electrolyte impregnation rate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Data Source

PatentEP3989350B1Separator having porosity difference according to thickness direction and manufacturing method therefor
Publication Date: 2024.03.06 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD

AI summary

Disclosed is a separator for a secondary battery comprising a polyolefin and a separator body having a porous structure, wherein the separator body is configured to be in a form having a difference in porosity along a thickness direction, and it is possible to improve the problem of imbalance in ionic conductivity caused by differences in thickness and electrical conductivity between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.