Porous Solid Amine Adsorbents for Low-Energy CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing CO2 capture technologies face challenges such as high energy consumption, solvent loss, and low selectivity, particularly in aqueous amine-based systems and solid adsorbents, which limit their effectiveness and industrial applicability.
Innovation Solution
The preparation of porous solid amine adsorbents through combining a water-soluble amine-containing polymer with a water-insoluble polymer in a polar solvent, followed by contact with a multifunctional chemical agent, such as a metal ion or acid, to form stable, porous structures suitable for CO2 capture.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If aqueous amine-based solvent systems are used for CO2 capture, then CO2 capture capacity is improved, but energy consumption increases due to boiling and condensing large amounts of water
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the amine component from the aqueous solvent system and immobilizes it on a solid support material. This separation allows CO2 capture functionality to be maintained while eliminating the need to heat and condense large volumes of water, directly resolving the energy consumption problem associated with aqueous amine systems
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes porous solid support materials with controlled pore structures to immobilize amine groups. The porous structure provides high surface area for CO2 adsorption while maintaining low heat capacity, enabling effective CO2 capture without the energy-intensive water handling required by aqueous systems
2Quantity of substance
If aqueous amine-based solvent systems are used for CO2 capture, then CO2 capture capacity is improved, but solvent loss and water loss increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the amine component from the aqueous solvent system and immobilizes it on a solid support material. This separation allows CO2 capture functionality to be maintained while eliminating the need to heat and condense large volumes of water, directly resolving the energy consumption problem associated with aqueous amine systems
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes porous solid support materials with controlled pore structures to immobilize amine groups. The porous structure provides high surface area for CO2 adsorption while maintaining low heat capacity, enabling effective CO2 capture without the energy-intensive water handling required by aqueous systems
3Use of energy by moving object
If physical sorbents are used for CO2 capture, then energy consumption is reduced, but CO2 selectivity and moisture sensitivity decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite materials combining solid support structures with chemically functionalized amine groups. The composite structure provides both the low heat capacity of solids for reduced energy consumption and the chemical functionality of amines for high CO2 selectivity, resolving the contradiction between energy efficiency and capture effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of solid adsorbents by introducing functional amine groups through chemical functionalization. This transformation changes the adsorption mechanism from purely physical to chemical, enhancing CO2 selectivity while maintaining the low energy consumption advantages of solid-phase operation
4Use of energy by moving object
If membrane processes are used for CO2 capture, then energy consumption is reduced, but membrane selectivity and productivity decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes porous solid support materials with controlled pore structures to immobilize amine groups. The porous structure provides high surface area for CO2 adsorption while maintaining low heat capacity, enabling effective CO2 capture without the energy-intensive water handling required by aqueous systems
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting adsorbents are robust, self-supporting, and efficient in capturing CO2 with low energy requirements, reducing emissions and operational costs, and are suitable for various forms including fibers, sheets, and beads, facilitating rapid manufacturing processes.
Implementation Method 1
Porous solid amine adsorbents and methods for preparing and/or using them... capturing and storing carbon dioxide
Data Source
AI summary
Porous solid amine adsorbents are prepared by bringing into contact a first (e.g., dope) solution, including a water insoluble polymer and a water-soluble amine polymer, with an aqueous solution containing a multifunctional chemical agent. The first solution can be obtained by dissolving the water insoluble polymer and the water-soluble amine polymer in a polar solvent. The adsorbents can be in the form of beads, sheets, fibers, hollow fibers, etc. and can be used in the removal of acid gases, CO2, for instance, from fluid streams.