Porous Bone Adhesive Composition With Tunable pH and Pore Formation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing bone regenerative materials face challenges in achieving optimal porosity and pH control, leading to cytotoxicity and low cell survival rates due to high acidity, which affects the efficacy of bone tissue regeneration and osteoblast formation.
Innovation Solution
A porous adhesive composition comprising a multivalent metal salt, a multidentate acidic organic compound, and a carbonate salt, which generates carbon dioxide gas bubbles upon curing, creating pores and adjusting pH to a neutral range through the use of pH adjusting agents like sodium hydroxide, resulting in improved biocompatibility and bone tissue regeneration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing bone regenerative materials are used, then bone tissue regeneration is achieved, but high acidity causes cytotoxicity and low cell survival rates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful high acidity of bone regenerative materials into a beneficial feature by controlling the degradation process to produce a transient acidic environment that stimulates osteoblast activity and bone formation, while buffering systems prevent cytotoxicity. The acidic byproducts of material degradation are transformed from harmful factors into signaling molecules that promote bone regeneration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the pH parameter over time through controlled degradation and buffering systems. The material transitions from a neutral or slightly acidic initial state through a controlled acidic phase that stimulates bone growth, then returns to neutral pH as degradation completes. This dynamic parameter control allows the same material to provide both regenerative stimulation and cellular safety.
2Reliability
If porosity is increased to promote bone ingrowth, then bone tissue regeneration is enhanced, but material strength decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs porous structures with controlled pore sizes (50-500 μm) and interconnected pore networks that facilitate bone ingrowth while maintaining adequate mechanical strength. The porosity is optimized to balance biological functionality (bone cell infiltration, vascularization) with structural integrity, using pore architectures that distribute mechanical loads effectively.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite material systems combining different phases (e.g., hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, collagen) that provide both the required porosity for bone ingrowth and sufficient mechanical strength. The composite structure allows differentiation of functions: one phase provides structural support while another enables porous architecture for biological integration.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If pH adjusting agents are added to neutralize acidity, then cytotoxicity is reduced, but the complexity of the composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates buffering systems and pH-adjusting agents that automatically regulate pH through self-buffering mechanisms. These components react autonomously with acidic degradation byproducts to maintain pH within the safe range (6.5-7.5), eliminating the need for external pH control systems or complex multi-component formulations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent selects pH-adjusting agents that perform multiple functions: buffering acidic degradation products, providing additional calcium or phosphate ions for bone formation, and potentially serving as nucleation sites for mineralization. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate additives and simplifies the overall composition.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves controlled porosity and pH neutrality, enhancing bone tissue regeneration, osteoblast formation, and reducing cytotoxicity, thereby improving the survival rates of neighboring cells and promoting bone healing.
Implementation Method 1
The in situ carbonic acid dissociates into to carbon dioxide and water, creating a plurality of carbon dioxide gas bubbles within the reaction mixture
Implementation Method 2
A porous adhesive composition comprising a multivalent metal salt, a multidentate acidic organic compound, and a carbonate salt
Data Source
AI summary
Adhesive compositions including a multivalent metal salt, an multidentate acidic organic compound, and an aqueous medium are disclosed. The multivalent metal salt and multidentate acidic organic compound can include, as a mixture, a carbonate salt and/or carbonic acid. The aqueous medium can include pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide. The adhesive composition, upon curing, can have a porosity of 10-50%. The adhesive composition, upon curing, can include a plurality of pores. The adhesive composition can be porous, and upon curing can have a plurality of pores having a pore size of between 20 μm to 200 μm. Methods of producing the adhesive composition are disclosed. Methods of using the adhesive composition are further disclosed.