Porous Metal Layer CO2 Reduction Catalyst

The patent applies local quality by creating specific crystal plane orientations ({100} and/or {111} planes) in different regions of the catalyst particles. The catalyst is designed to expose these specific crystal planes on the surface, which locally provides high CO2 reduction selectivity to CO while maintaining overall high catalyst activity through increased surface area.

The patent uses composite materials by combining metal particles (such as Au, Ag, Cu, or their alloys) with specific crystal structures. The composite catalyst particles are designed to have both high surface area and controlled crystal plane exposure, achieving the dual goal of high catalyst activity and high CO2 reduction selectivity to CO.

The patent applies porous materials by forming a porous metal layer with dendrite or fine particle aggregate structures on the electrode. This porous structure significantly increases the surface area and improves ion diffusivity, allowing CO2 and ions to access more catalyst sites efficiently while maintaining a manageable device structure.

The patent uses dimensionality change by transitioning from flat electrode surfaces to three-dimensional dendrite or fine particle aggregate structures. This dimensional transformation dramatically increases the surface area without proportionally increasing the device footprint, and the porous nature of these structures facilitates ion transport through multiple pathways.