Porous Solid Phase Binding Assay Surfactant Flow
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Solution Overview
Problem
Binding assays using porous solid phases face issues with poor flow progression of test samples, leading to reduced sensitivity and reproducibility, and disturbance of measurement waveforms, particularly with high viscosity or solid-containing samples, due to clogging, evaporation, and non-specific reactions.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating surfactants like sugar-containing surfactants, sucrose fatty acid esters, and steroid surfactants into the porous solid phase before use, which prevents poor flow progression and measurement waveform disturbances by enhancing fluidity and reducing non-specific interactions, eliminating the need for sample pretreatment and washing steps.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a porous solid phase is used for binding assay, then detection of test sample components is enabled, but poor flow progression of the test sample occurs due to clogging by blood cells or insoluble components
Solution Approach 1:
The porous solid phase is divided into multiple layers with different pore sizes. The first layer has larger pores to allow blood cells and insoluble components to pass through, while the second layer has smaller pores for effective binding reactions. This segmentation prevents clogging in the binding layer while maintaining flow progression.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the porous solid phase are given different properties. The upstream portion (first layer) has larger pores suitable for filtering large particles, while the downstream portion (second layer) has smaller pores optimized for binding reactions. This local differentiation resolves the contradiction between flow and binding efficiency.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If centrifugation or filtration is performed to remove impurities before assay, then clogging of the porous solid phase is prevented, but the process becomes time-consuming and requires extra costs
Solution Approach 1:
The porous solid phase is pre-structured with a multi-layer configuration before the assay begins. The first layer with larger pores is prepared in advance to handle blood cells and insoluble components, eliminating the need for time-consuming centrifugation or filtration steps before the assay.
Solution Approach 2:
The porous solid phase performs its own pretreatment function through its multi-layer structure. The first layer automatically filters blood cells and insoluble components as the sample flows through, making the system self-sufficient without requiring external pretreatment equipment or procedures.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If surfactants are added to incubation media to prevent non-specific interferences, then non-specific reactions are reduced, but the capture reagent may be removed from the carrier or binding reaction may be hindered
Solution Approach 1:
Different layers of the porous solid phase have different surface properties optimized for different functions. The first layer is designed for flow progression with minimal non-specific binding, while the second layer is optimized for specific capture reactions. This local differentiation reduces non-specific reactions without requiring surfactants that could interfere with binding.
4Adaptability or versatility
If the test sample contains substances larger than the pores of the porous solid phase, then the assay can detect these substances, but they cannot easily migrate through the pores causing poor flow progression
Solution Approach 1:
The porous solid phase is segmented into layers with progressively smaller pores. The first layer has larger pores that accommodate blood cells and large insoluble components, allowing them to migrate through easily. The second layer has smaller pores optimized for binding reactions with analytes. This segmentation enables both large substance detection and efficient flow progression.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The approach enables reliable, reproducible binding assays with high sensitivity and accurate measurement waveforms, even with viscous or high hematocrit samples, without requiring sample pretreatment or additional steps, thus improving assay convenience and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
incorporating surfactants like sugar-containing surfactants, sucrose fatty acid esters, and steroid surfactants into the porous solid phase before use, which prevents poor flow progression and measurement waveform disturbances by enhancing fluidity
Implementation Method 2
The porous solid phase for binding assay according to the present invention contains a surfactant
Data Source
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AI summary
The present application discloses a binding assay strip comprising a porous solid phase for binding assay in which at least one surfactant has been incorporated prior to addition of a test sample, the at least one surfactant being selected from the group consisting of: n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucoside (n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside), n-octyl-β-D-glucoside (n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), wherein the surfactant is immobilized onto the porous membrane and present in a dry state, a porous solid phase for binding assay, a device comprising the binding assay strip, and binding assay method.