Port and Direct Fuel Injection Control for Particulate Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Direct injection engines produce particulate matter if not all injected fuel is completely combusted, leading to issues with particulate filter purging, especially at low engine loads where increased fuel consumption is undesirable, necessitating a method to extend the time before filter purging and reduce particulate formation.
Innovation Solution
The engine operates with two different calibrations, increasing the fraction of port fuel injection and decreasing the fraction of direct fuel injection during certain conditions to delay particulate filter purging, allowing for longer operation before filter filling and reducing particulate matter production by adjusting fuel injection fractions based on engine speed, load, and environmental factors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If direct fuel injection is used to improve engine efficiency, then power output is improved, but particulate matter production increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fuel injection process is segmented into two distinct methods: port fuel injection and direct fuel injection. The controller dynamically divides the total fuel requirement between these two methods based on operating conditions, allowing the engine to leverage the power benefits of direct injection while using port injection to reduce particulate matter formation during certain operating modes.
Solution Approach 2:
The fuel injection strategy is made dynamic through real-time controller adjustment. The system continuously monitors engine operating parameters and dynamically changes the ratio of port injection to direct injection fuel delivery, transitioning between injection modes depending on whether the vehicle is in pre-customer delivery service or post-delivery service, thereby adapting to different operational requirements.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If particulate filter purging is performed to reduce harmful emissions, then particulate matter is removed, but fuel consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary action by reducing particulate matter formation at the source through increased port fuel injection during pre-customer delivery service. This preventive approach limits particulate accumulation in the filter, thereby delaying or reducing the frequency and intensity of required purging operations, which in turn reduces the additional fuel consumption that would be needed for aggressive filter regeneration.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If port fuel injection fraction is increased to reduce particulate matter, then particulate formation is reduced, but direct injection benefits are lost
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the parameter of fuel injection fraction distribution based on service mode. During pre-customer delivery service, the port injection fraction is increased to reduce particulate matter formation. During post-delivery service, the system switches to higher direct injection fractions to maximize cylinder charge cooling benefits and power output. This parameter switching allows the engine to optimize for different priorities depending on operational context.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach extends the time between particulate filter purging, reduces particulate formation within the engine, and optimizes fuel efficiency by leveraging improved cylinder charge cooling during suitable driving conditions.
Implementation Method 1
a port fuel injector and a direct fuel injector for delivering liquid fuel to a cylinder
Implementation Method 2
an internal combustion engine
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for simultaneously operating port fuel injectors and direct fuel injectors of an internal combustion engine are described. In one example, port fuel injection timing is adjusted to reduce particulate matter formation in the engine so that particulate filter loading may be reduced until a time when the particulate filter may be purged.