Position Determination Using 3D Model and 2D Projection Registration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for determining the position of a first object within a second object, such as a catheter tip within a heart, are complex and require significant hardware, making them expensive and inefficient.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method that utilize a three-dimensional model of the second object, a projection unit for generating two-dimensional images, a registration unit for aligning the model with the images, and a determination unit to find the intersection point of a line of sight with the model, reducing the need for complex localization systems like magnetic field coils and sensors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If electro-magnetic or ultrasound real time three-dimensional localization techniques are used, then position determination accuracy is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a two-dimensional projection image as a simplified copy representation of the three-dimensional anatomical structure. Instead of directly measuring three-dimensional position with complex hardware, the system creates a 2D projection that can be easily captured and processed, then uses this projection to determine the contact position on the 3D model through line-of-sight intersection calculations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the electro-magnetic or ultrasound field-based localization systems with a purely geometric and optical approach. By using X-ray projection images and mathematical line-of-sight calculations intersecting with a 3D model, the system substitutes complex physical field measurements with simpler geometric computations.
2Measurement precision
If specialized catheters with sensors are used, then position determination accuracy is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a digital three-dimensional model as a copy of the actual anatomical structure (e.g., heart). This virtual model allows position determination without needing specialized physical catheters with sensors, as the contact position is calculated by finding where the line of sight from the projection image intersects the surface of the digital model.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces expensive, specialized catheters with standard catheters that can be visualized using conventional projection imaging. The positioning information is derived from the intersection calculation rather than from expensive sensors, effectively using a cheaper approach that doesn't require specialized medical devices.
3Measurement precision
If three magnetic field emitting coils and sensors are used, then position determination accuracy is improved, but device complexity and expense increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent completely replaces the electro-magnetic triangulation system with a geometric projection system. Instead of using magnetic field coils and sensors to measure position, the system uses X-ray projection images and mathematical calculations to determine where the line of sight intersects the three-dimensional model surface, eliminating the need for complex electromagnetic localization hardware.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a digital three-dimensional model as a virtual copy of the anatomical structure. This model serves as the reference framework for position determination, replacing the physical magnetic field coils and sensors with a computational geometry approach that finds the intersection of the projection line with the model surface.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining a position of a first object (14) within a second object (13), wherein the first object (14) contacts the second object (13) at a contact region. The apparatus (1) comprises a provision unit (2) for providing a three-dimensional model (20) of the second object (13). A projection unit (5, 6, 7, 21) generates a two-dimensional projection image (26) of the first object (14) and of the second object (13), and a registration unit (8) registers the three-dimensional model (20) with the two-dimensional projection image (26). A determination unit (9) determines the position of the contact region from the position of the first object (14) on the two-dimensional projection image (26) and the registered three-dimensional model (20) of the second object (13), wherein the position of the contact region is the position of the first object (14) within the second object (13).