Post-CMP Cleaning Formulation for Copper and Low-k Dielectrics

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for cleaning microelectronic devices struggle to effectively remove residues and contaminants, particularly from copper, tantalum, and ruthenium-containing materials, which can lead to poor adhesion and electrical performance issues due to the high resistivity of these materials and the complexity of their layers.

Innovation Solution

A cleaning composition comprising organic amines, water, pH adjusting agents, organic additives, and metal corrosion inhibitors is used to contact the microelectronic devices, effectively removing post-CMP, post-etch, and post-ash residues while being compatible with copper, low-k dielectric materials, and barrier materials like tantalum, cobalt, and ruthenium-containing materials.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional cleaning methods are used to remove residues from microelectronic devices, then some residue removal is achieved, but the cleaning efficacy is insufficient (less than 90%) and may damage the underlying materials

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecleaning efficacyVSAvoidmaterial damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The cleaning composition uses specific pH ranges (adjusted by pH adjusting agents) and controlled concentrations of organic additives and corrosion inhibitors to optimize cleaning efficacy while preventing material damage. The parameters of the cleaning solution are carefully controlled to achieve at least 90% residue removal without corroding copper, tantalum, or ruthenium materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The cleaning composition is a multi-component formulation combining organic amines, water, pH adjusting agents, organic additives, and metal corrosion inhibitors. This composite approach allows the solution to effectively remove residues while the corrosion inhibitors protect the underlying metal materials from damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If barrier layers are used to prevent copper diffusion, then device contamination is prevented, but copper deposition becomes difficult due to high resistivity of tantalum

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontamination preventionVSAvoidcopper deposition
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

A copper seed layer is introduced as an intermediary between the tantalum barrier layer and the copper plating process. This seed layer facilitates copper deposition by providing a conductive base that overcomes the high resistivity of tantalum, enabling subsequent copper plating while maintaining the barrier function of the tantalum layer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The barrier layer structure is designed with different local properties: the tantalum barrier layer provides contamination prevention, while the copper seed layer provides local conductivity for deposition. This local differentiation allows both functions to coexist without compromising either contamination prevention or copper deposition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Manufacturing precision

If seed layer thickness is reduced to prevent overhang and void formation, then patterning accuracy is improved, but adhesion and electrical performance may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepatterning accuracyVSAvoidadhesion and electrical performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The cleaning composition is applied before copper plating to thoroughly remove residues and contaminants from the barrier layer surface. This preliminary cleaning action ensures that even thin seed layers can achieve adequate adhesion and electrical performance by eliminating surface contaminants that would otherwise compromise these properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The cleaning process uses optimized pH and chemical composition to selectively remove contaminants without etching or damaging the thin seed layer. This parameter control allows the seed layer to maintain its reduced thickness for patterning accuracy while achieving sufficient adhesion and electrical performance through improved surface cleanliness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Shape

If CMP slurry is used for planarization, then surface flatness is achieved, but residues and contaminants remain that can roughen copper metallization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface flatnessVSAvoidresidue contamination
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The cleaning composition specifically targets and removes CMP slurry residues, corrosion inhibitor compounds, and particles from the planarized surface. This extraction of harmful residues prevents subsequent copper roughening while preserving the surface flatness achieved by CMP.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The cleaning process converts the potentially harmful residues left by CMP into removable contaminants. By designing the cleaning composition to specifically target these residues, the harmful effect of slurry contamination is transformed into a removable substance that can be efficiently cleaned away, actually benefiting the final copper metallization quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves a substantial removal of residues and contaminants, with at least 90% efficacy, preventing corrosion and ensuring smooth electrical performance by maintaining the integrity of the microelectronic device surfaces.

Implementation Method 1

The residue may include post-CMP, post-etch, and/or post-ash residue... effectively removing post-CMP, post-etch, and post-ash residues

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical dissolution:

Implementation Method 2

Chemical Mechanical Polishing or Planarization (CMP) is a process in which material is removed from a surface of a microelectronic device wafer, and the surface is planarized and polished by coupling a physical process such as abrasion with a chemical process such as oxidation or chelation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChelation:

Implementation Method 3

A cleaning composition comprising organic amines, water, pH adjusting agents, organic additives, and metal corrosion inhibitors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectpH adjustment:

Implementation Method 4

at least one metal corrosion inhibitor... preventing corrosion and ensuring smooth electrical performance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCorrosion inhibition:

Data Source

PatentUS10731109B2Post chemical mechanical polishing formulations and method of use
Publication Date: 2020.08.04 ENTEGRIS INC

AI summary

A cleaning composition and process for cleaning post-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) residue and contaminants from a microelectronic device having said residue and contaminants thereon. The composition achieves highly efficacious cleaning of the post-CMP residue and contaminant material from the surface of the microelectronic device without compromising the low-k dielectric material or the copper interconnect material. In addition, the cleaning compositions are compatible with ruthenium-containing materials.