Post-Wall Waveguide Antenna Uniform Amplitude Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing periodic leaky-wave antennas with uniformly dimensioned slots suffer from exponential reduction in amplitude distribution along the antenna opening surface, making it difficult to achieve high antenna efficiency due to equal coupling amounts of radiation power across slots.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus employs a post-wall waveguide structure with first and second conductor vias and openings of varying dimensions, where the positions of the conductor vias are offset to adjust the phase constants of Floquet modes, allowing for continuous control of coupling amounts and achieving uniform amplitude distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If slots having the same dimension are arranged in a periodic leaky-wave antenna, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the amplitude distribution on the antenna opening surface is exponentially reduced along the waveguide and high antenna efficiency is not obtainable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by making each slot have different dimensions tailored to its specific position in the waveguide. Slots closer to the input have smaller dimensions while slots farther away have larger dimensions, creating a gradient structure that compensates for the exponential amplitude reduction along the waveguide and achieves uniform amplitude distribution across all slots.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the dimensional parameters of the slots systematically along the waveguide length. By varying slot width, length, or both dimensions according to a predetermined gradient pattern, the coupling amount of each slot is adjusted to compensate for the decreasing amplitude of the electromagnetic wave as it propagates, thereby maintaining uniform excitation across all slots.
2Ease of operation
If slots having the same dimension are arranged in a periodic leaky-wave antenna, then the coupling amounts of the respective slots are equal, but the amplitude distribution on the antenna opening surface is exponentially reduced and high antenna efficiency is not obtainable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by making each slot have different dimensions tailored to its specific position in the waveguide. Slots closer to the input have smaller dimensions while slots farther away have larger dimensions, creating a gradient structure that compensates for the exponential amplitude reduction along the waveguide and achieves uniform amplitude distribution across all slots.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the dimensional parameters of the slots systematically along the waveguide length. By varying slot width, length, or both dimensions according to a predetermined gradient pattern, the coupling amount of each slot is adjusted to compensate for the decreasing amplitude of the electromagnetic wave as it propagates, thereby maintaining uniform excitation across all slots.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enables high antenna efficiency by ensuring equal phase constants across the slots, improving the radiation characteristics and beam-scanning capabilities of the periodic leaky-wave antenna.
Implementation Method 1
A periodic leaky-wave antenna that includes a periodic leaking structure in a waveguide and radiates plane waves to space outside the waveguide is well-known. The periodic leaky-wave antenna can realize a beam-scanning antenna without a complicated feeding circuit because a radiation direction of the plane waves is changed depending on a frequency.
Implementation Method 2
the positions of the conductor vias are offset to adjust the phase constants of Floquet modes, allowing for continuous control of coupling amounts and achieving uniform amplitude distribution
Data Source
AI summary
According to one embodiment an antenna apparatus includes: a first conductor layer; a second conductor layer; a dielectric layer between the first and the second conductor layers; a plurality of first conductor vias corresponding to a first direction; a plurality of second conductor vias opposed to the first conductor vias corresponding to the first direction; and a plurality of first openings in the first direction in a region of the first conductor layer between the first and the second conductor vias. A plurality of third conductor vias are part of the plurality of first conductor vias and are arranged along the first openings. Positions of the third conductor vias in a second direction are different from positions of others of the first conductor vias in the second direction, the second direction is substantially orthogonal to the first direction and is substantially parallel to the first conductor layer.