3D Powder Bed Fusion Imaging Control for Faster Electron Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional three-dimensional powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBF-AM) processes are inefficient due to the need to scan the entire meltable area with a primary ray to acquire backscattered electrons, leading to prolonged manufacturing times and reduced throughput.

Innovation Solution

A three-dimensional PBF-AM apparatus and method that controls the irradiation device to selectively irradiate only a predetermined range within the powder layer with a primary ray, using a control unit to optimize the irradiation process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If the entire meltable area is irradiated with a primary ray to acquire backscattered electrons, then the detection of product state is enabled, but the manufacturing time increases and throughput decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduct state detectionVSAvoidmanufacturing throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the irradiation area into segments: the entire meltable area is scanned during the melting process to ensure complete coverage, but only a predetermined partial area (region of interest) is irradiated when acquiring backscattered electron images. This segmentation allows the system to maintain detection capability while reducing the time-consuming full-area scanning during imaging operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by irradiating only a predetermined partial area rather than the entire meltable area when acquiring backscattered electron images. This partial irradiation is sufficient to detect the product state in the region of interest while avoiding the time penalty of scanning the entire area, thus improving throughput without sacrificing essential detection capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

2Loss of information

If the entire meltable area is scanned with a primary ray to acquire backscattered electrons, then complete product information is obtained, but the acquisition time is prolonged

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduct information completenessVSAvoidimage acquisition time
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by focusing the irradiation on a predetermined partial area (region of interest) rather than uniformly scanning the entire meltable area. This localized approach concentrates the detection effort on the most critical regions where product state information is most needed, reducing acquisition time while maintaining sufficient information quality for process monitoring.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses partial action by irradiating only a predetermined partial area to acquire backscattered electrons. This partial irradiation captures essential product information in the region of interest without the time cost of complete area scanning, effectively balancing information completeness with acquisition speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Productivity

If a predetermined partial area is irradiated with a primary ray, then the throughput is improved, but the irradiation coverage is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing throughputVSAvoidirradiation coverage area
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the irradiation process into two distinct phases: (1) complete area scanning during melting to ensure full coverage and process safety, and (2) partial area irradiation during imaging to improve throughput. This segmentation allows the system to maintain adequate coverage where necessary while reducing irradiation area where it enhances productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements periodic action by alternating between complete area scanning (during melting operations) and partial area irradiation (during imaging operations). This periodic switching between full and partial coverage allows the system to maintain process integrity while improving overall throughput through reduced irradiation time during imaging phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances manufacturing throughput by reducing the time required to acquire backscattered electron images and improves image resolution, while minimizing unnecessary irradiation.

Implementation Method 1

The irradiation device irradiates the powder layer with a primary ray

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron beam irradiation: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 2

detects electrons generated when the powder material is irradiated with the primary ray

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBackscattered electron generation:

Data Source

PatentEP4667141A1Three-dimensional powder bed fusion additive manufacturing apparatus and method of controlling three-dimensional powder bed fusion additive manufacturing apparatus
Publication Date: 2025.12.24 JEOL LTD
  • EP4667141A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4667141A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4667141A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A three-dimensional powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBF-AM) apparatus (1) includes a build plate (22), a powder supply device (16), a beam irradiation device (2), a plurality of detection units (46), and a control unit (104). The control unit (104) controls the irradiation device (2). In addition, when acquiring electrons, the control unit (104) controls the irradiation device (2) in a manner that only a predetermined irradiation range in the powder layer is irradiated with the primary ray.