Power Amplifier Variable Duty Cycle Control for Active Magnetic Bearings

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing power amplifiers for active magnetic bearings suffer from significant power losses, output voltage ripple, and output current ripple due to eddy currents in inductive loads, which generate excessive heat and inefficiency.

Innovation Solution

A power system comprising semiconductor devices and a controller that operates semiconductor switches to manage output current, using a DC power source and capacitors to reduce ripple, and a current sensor to adjust the current flow, thereby minimizing AC components in output voltage and current.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If H-bridge based power amplifiers operate switches with a 50% duty cycle, then the power amplifier can control output current, but significant AC component is generated in output voltage and current causing power losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutput current control capabilityVSAvoidpower losses
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the duty cycle variable rather than fixed at 50%. The controller dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of semiconductor switches based on the operating conditions and current requirements, allowing the power amplifier to maintain effective current control while minimizing AC components and reducing power losses in inductive loads.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Power

If H-bridge based power amplifiers operate switches with a 50% duty cycle, then the power amplifier can control output current, but excessive heat dissipation occurs due to eddy currents in inductive loads

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutput current control capabilityVSAvoidheat dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the duty cycle variable rather than fixed at 50%. The controller dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of semiconductor switches based on the operating conditions and current requirements, allowing the power amplifier to maintain effective current control while minimizing AC components and reducing power losses in inductive loads.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Loss of energy

If semiconductor switches are operated with variable duty cycle, then power losses and ripple are reduced, but device complexity increases due to controller requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower lossesVSAvoidcontroller structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies feedback by incorporating a current sensor that measures the actual output current and feeds this information back to the controller. The controller uses this feedback to continuously adjust the duty cycle of semiconductor switches, enabling automatic optimization of power losses and ripple reduction without requiring complex external control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Loss of energy

If current sensor and controller are added to adjust duty cycle, then output current ripple and eddy currents are minimized, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveeddy currentsVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies feedback by incorporating a current sensor that measures the actual output current and feeds this information back to the controller. The controller uses this feedback to continuously adjust the duty cycle of semiconductor switches, enabling automatic optimization of power losses and ripple reduction without requiring complex external control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3759807B1Power amplifier
Publication Date: 2022.10.12 INGERSOLL RAND IND US INC
  • EP3759807B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3759807B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3759807B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

Unique systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of power amplifiers are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a power system for an active magnetic bearing including at least one power amplifier. Each power amplifier includes a first semiconductor device including a first node coupled to a neutral point node and a second node, a second output node coupled to the neutral point node, a second semiconductor device including a first node coupled to the second node of the first semiconductor device and a second node coupled to a first output node, a third semiconductor device including a first node coupled to a first DC bus node and a second node coupled to the first output node, and a fourth semiconductor device including a first node coupled to a second DC bus node and a second node coupled to the second node of the first semiconductor device.