Additive Manufacturing Power Bushing Condenser Core

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) products are typically porous, making them unsuitable for high-voltage insulation unless impregnated with insulating fluids, and existing methods for producing thick insulators like power bushings are costly and inefficient.

Innovation Solution

A method combining additive manufacturing with a subsequent consolidation step at elevated temperature and pressure to densify the insulator, removing gas-filled cavities and reducing the risk of material breakdown, involving the application of polymeric insulating and conducting layers around a central hole in a bushing, followed by thermal and pressure treatment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If additive manufacturing is used to produce insulators, then production flexibility and customization are improved, but the insulators become porous and unsuitable for high-voltage insulation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction flexibilityVSAvoidinsulation suitability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by subjecting the additively manufactured insulator to elevated temperature and pressure conditions. This transforms the physical state of the material, causing the polymeric insulating material to soften and flow, which fills the porous structure and eliminates voids. The parameter change from ambient to elevated temperature and pressure resolves the contradiction by maintaining production flexibility while achieving dense, reliable insulation suitable for high-voltage applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes phase transitions of the polymeric insulating material. At elevated temperature, the polymer transitions from a rigid solid state to a softened, more fluid state, allowing it to consolidate and fill pores. This phase transition enables the insulator to achieve dense, void-free structure suitable for high-voltage insulation while retaining the manufacturing advantages of additive manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Ease of manufacture

If traditional epoxy insulation is replaced with thermoplastic injection moulding, then manufacturing simplicity is improved, but the process becomes difficult for thicker insulators

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidthickness capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the manufacturing process into two distinct stages: first, additive manufacturing creates the basic insulator structure with necessary thickness; second, consolidation treatment densifies the material. This segmentation allows each process to optimize for its specific function, enabling production of thick insulators that would be difficult with single-step injection moulding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite materials approach by combining additively manufactured polymeric insulating material with conducting sheets to create a condenser core. This composite structure allows the insulator to achieve both the thickness required for high-voltage applications and the manufacturing simplicity of additive manufacturing, while the consolidation process ensures adequate density.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If epoxy insulation with multiple process steps is used, then insulation quality is improved, but production time and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinsulation qualityVSAvoidproduction time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple traditional process steps into a simplified workflow. Instead of separate winding, drying, vacuum impregnation, and curing steps, the patent combines additive manufacturing with a single consolidation treatment. This merging maintains insulation quality by achieving void-free dense structure while significantly reducing production time and process complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and eliminates unnecessary intermediate steps from the traditional manufacturing process. By using additive manufacturing to directly create the insulator structure followed by consolidation treatment, the patent removes the need for winding, drying, and vacuum impregnation steps, thereby reducing production time while maintaining insulation quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Reliability

If polymer film winding is used for dry bushings, then insulation quality is improved, but material cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinsulation qualityVSAvoidmaterial cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies this principle by using cost-effective polymeric insulating material through additive manufacturing instead of expensive polymer film. The additively manufactured insulator, when consolidated, achieves adequate density and insulation quality, providing a more economical alternative to traditional polymer film winding while maintaining necessary reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses parameter changes in the consolidation process to achieve dense structure from relatively inexpensive polymeric material. By applying elevated temperature and pressure, the material properties change to achieve void-free dense insulation, making the process cost-effective compared to expensive polymer film while maintaining insulation quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the production of suitable medium or high-voltage insulators without the need for fluid impregnation, enhancing insulation properties and reducing the risk of electrical breakdowns, while being cost-effective and applicable to a range of electrical power devices.

Implementation Method 1

At the elevated temperature, the electrically insulating material softens, allowing the elevated pressure to consolidate the 3D printed insulator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal softening: Melting

Implementation Method 2

the elevated pressure to consolidate the 3D printed insulator (e.g. condenser core), removing any gas-filled (typically air-filled) cavities

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure consolidation: Compression

Data Source

PatentEP3361481B1Producing power bushing condenser core by additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2022.01.26 HITACHI ENERGY SWITZERLAND AG
  • EP3361481B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3361481B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing an insulator for an electrical power device. The method comprises, by means of an additive manufacturing technique, applying a polymeric insulating material forming part of the device. The method also comprises subjecting the insulator to elevated temperature and pressure during a predetermined time period to consolidate the insulator.