Power Converter Circuit with Ground Switch for Loss Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing multi-phase switched-mode power converters face challenges in reducing power losses, particularly in converting high input voltages to low output voltages required for applications like CPU powering, where efficient energy transfer and minimal losses are crucial.
Innovation Solution
The method involves connecting capacitors in series between input nodes of a power converter circuit with multiple converter cells, and using a ground switch to reduce electrical potential before activating cells, allowing efficient power transfer from capacitors to the output, with the activation frequency adjusted based on output power and current.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a multi-phase converter topology with multiple converter stages is used, then power conversion capability is improved, but power losses increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-charging capacitors in series connection before activating converter cells. The control circuit charges capacitors C1-C4 in series during a pre-charge phase, establishing the necessary voltage conditions before power conversion begins. This preliminary charging reduces the voltage stress on switches and minimizes inrush currents, thereby reducing power losses while maintaining power conversion capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by dynamically switching between different converter cell configurations and adjusting the number of active converter stages based on operating conditions. The control circuit activates or deactivates specific converter cells (e.g., switching between one-cell, two-cell, or four-cell configurations) to optimize the balance between power conversion capability and power losses under varying load conditions.
2Productivity
If converter cells are activated at high frequency, then power transfer efficiency is improved, but switching losses increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by operating converter cells in alternating phases with controlled activation frequencies. The control circuit employs periodic switching sequences where converter cells are activated and deactivated in a rhythmic pattern, allowing sufficient time for capacitor charging and energy transfer between cycles. This periodic operation maintains high power transfer efficiency while managing switching losses through proper timing and frequency control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively reduces power losses and enhances the efficiency of power conversion by optimizing the electrical potential and activation sequence of converter cells, ensuring stable output voltage with varying load conditions.
Implementation Method 1
reducing an electrical potential at a first input node of the at least one of the plurality of converter cells by switching on a ground switch of at least one other of the plurality converter cells, with the ground switch being connected between a second input node of the other one of the plurality of converter cells and a ground node
Implementation Method 2
activating the at least one of the plurality of converter cells to transfer electrical power from the capacitor connected to the at least one of the plurality of converter cells to an output of the power converter circuit
Data Source
AI summary
In accordance with an embodiment, a method includes converting power by a power converter circuit having a plurality of converter cells coupled to a supply circuit. Converting the power includes a plurality of successive activation sequences and, in each activation sequence, activating at least some of the plurality of converter cells at an activation frequency. The activation frequency is dependent on at least one of an output power and an output current of the power converter circuit.