Power Supply Circuit Shutdown Using Integrated Voltage Differentials
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing power supply devices suffer from false detection of overcurrent due to noise interference in output voltage, which delays the necessary shutdown response during load failures like short circuits.
Innovation Solution
A power supply device with a differential processor and integral processor that differentiate and integrate output voltage values to reduce noise impact, allowing quick detection of abnormalities and immediate switch-off of power switches.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If the voltage differential calculation unit calculates a differential value of an output voltage including noise, then the response speed to load failure is improved, but false detection occurs due to noise interference
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary integration of the output voltage before differential calculation. The integration unit accumulates the output voltage over time, creating a smoothed baseline that reflects the general trend without noise. This preliminary action prepares a clean reference signal that prevents noise from affecting the subsequent differential calculation and threshold comparison, enabling both fast response and accurate detection.
Solution Approach 2:
The integration unit acts as an intermediary between the output voltage and the differential calculation unit. It transforms the noisy output voltage into an integrated signal that serves as a mediator, filtering out high-frequency noise while preserving the underlying voltage trend. This intermediary processing allows the differential unit to compare against a clean reference, resolving the contradiction between speed and accuracy.
2Reliability
If noise filtering is applied to the output voltage, then false detection is reduced, but the response time to detect overcurrent increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system replaces traditional mechanical or analog filtering methods with a computational approach using integration and differential calculation. Instead of using physical filters that would slow down the response, the system uses mathematical operations on the voltage signal. The integration unit computationally smooths the signal, and the differential unit computationally detects changes, achieving both noise rejection and fast response without the lag inherent in physical filtering systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the parameter representation of the voltage signal by integrating it over time. This parameter transformation converts the instantaneous noisy voltage into a cumulative signal that inherently filters out high-frequency noise. The differential calculation then operates on this transformed parameter, enabling the system to detect overcurrent conditions accurately and rapidly without being affected by noise, thus resolving the speed-accuracy trade-off.
3Speed
If the third logic circuit outputs a load failure signal based on noisy differential values, then the system responds quickly to voltage changes, but incorrect signals are generated due to noise
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses feedback by continuously updating the integrated output voltage and comparing it with the current output voltage. The integration unit accumulates past voltage information, and this integrated value is fed back to the differential calculation unit. This feedback mechanism allows the system to detect voltage changes rapidly while using the accumulated historical data as a reference to filter out noise, ensuring that load failure signals are generated only for genuine voltage drops and not noise fluctuations.
Data Source
AI summary
A power supply device includes a power supply circuit and a controller for the power supply circuit. The power supply circuit includes a battery to supply power to a load via power lines, a switch and a power conversion circuit on a high-potential power line, and a voltage detector to detect an output voltage to be output to the load. The controller includes a differential processor to output a differential value corresponding to the output voltage, an integral processor to output an integral value obtained by integrating the differential value over a unit time interval, and a switch control processor to control an ON state and an OFF state of the switch. The differential processor is configured or programmed to output the differential value that is obtained by differentiating a difference between the output voltage and the integral value. The switch control processor is configured or programmed to change the switch to the OFF state when the differential value reaches a threshold.