Power Switch Driver with Current-Limiting Circuits for EMI and Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power switch driving circuits fail to simultaneously optimize switching efficiency and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) across different load states in power conversion devices.

Innovation Solution

A power conversion device with multiple power switches, processing circuits, and driving circuits that include current-limiting circuits, where the processing circuit outputs switching signals to adjust the driving signals based on load current, allowing selective turning on or off of power switches via current-limiting circuits to manage load states and minimize EMI.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If conventional power switch driving circuits are used, then the circuit structure is simple, but switching efficiency cannot be optimized and EMI cannot be reduced simultaneously across different load states

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching efficiency optimizationVSAvoiddriving circuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The driving circuit dynamically adjusts the slew rate of driving signals based on detected load states. The control circuit modifies signal characteristics in real-time, transitioning from fixed slew rate to variable slew rate operation, enabling optimization of switching efficiency across different load conditions while managing EMI

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the slew rate parameter of driving signals according to load states. By adjusting this temporal parameter dynamically, the circuit achieves improved switching efficiency and EMI reduction without requiring complete structural redesign, balancing adaptability and complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If fixed slew rate driving signals are used, then the driving circuit is simple, but switching loss cannot be reduced across varying load conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching lossVSAvoiddriving circuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The driving circuit transitions from static to dynamic operation by continuously adjusting the slew rate based on load detection. This dynamic adaptation reduces switching loss during transitions by optimizing the rate of change of voltage and current, directly addressing energy loss without excessive complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The control circuit implements feedback by detecting load states and using this information to adjust driving signal characteristics. This closed-loop approach enables the system to reduce switching loss adaptively, balancing energy efficiency improvements with circuit complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Speed

If high slew rate driving signals are used, then switching speed is improved, but electromagnetic interference increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching speedVSAvoidelectromagnetic interference
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically adjusts slew rate based on operational context. During conditions requiring fast switching, higher slew rates are applied, while during conditions where EMI is a concern, the slew rate is reduced. This temporal variability resolves the contradiction between speed and EMI

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The slew rate parameter is changed adaptively rather than fixed. By modifying this parameter according to load state and switching conditions, the system achieves optimal balance between switching speed performance and electromagnetic interference reduction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Object-generated harmful factors

If low slew rate driving signals are used, then EMI is reduced, but switching efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectromagnetic interferenceVSAvoidswitching efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

Rather than using consistently low slew rates, the system dynamically adjusts the slew rate to be low only when EMI reduction is prioritized and high when switching efficiency is prioritized. This time-varying approach resolves the contradiction by adapting to operational requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The slew rate parameter is varied based on detected conditions, allowing the system to optimize between EMI reduction and switching efficiency depending on the operational context, rather than being constrained to a fixed low value

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3454465B1Power conversion device and driving method of power switch
Publication Date: 2023.05.24 DELTA ELECTRONICS INC(CN)
  • EP3454465B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3454465B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3454465B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A driving circuit (Db) includes a power switch driver (120) and a plurality of current-limiting circuits (180a∼180d). The power switch driver (120) is configured to output a driving signal (DS) according to a switching signal (PWM). Each of the current-limiting circuits (180a∼180d) has an input terminal electrically coupled to a corresponding one of output terminals (N1∼N4) of the power switch driver (120) respectively. Output terminals of the current-limiting circuits (180a∼180d) are electrically coupled to a control terminal of a power switch (SWb). The power switch driver (120) is configured to selectively output the driving signal (DS) to one of a plurality of output terminals (N1∼N4) according to a load state of the power switch (SWb), such that the driving signal (DS) is outputted to the control terminal of the power switch (SWb) via one of the current-limiting circuits (180a∼180d).