Power Transformation System with Load Impedance Characterization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing power transformation systems face challenges in efficiently powering devices not directly connected to a power source, particularly in HVAC and building automation systems, due to limitations in handling dynamic load currents and accurately characterizing load impedance, which can lead to false tripping and equipment stress.
Innovation Solution
A power transformation system that employs a continuous energy transfer mechanism from electrical loads to ultra or super capacitors, allowing for indirect powering of devices and precise load characterization through impedance calculation and waveform analysis, enabling efficient energy harvesting and storage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If power is stolen from the load to power the device indirectly, then the device can operate without direct power connection, but the load current becomes dynamic and difficult to characterize accurately
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary characterization mode that acts as a mediator between the power stealing operation and the load. This mode measures load current at multiple discrete points during the AC cycle to accurately characterize load impedance without disrupting the power stealing process. The intermediary measurement system provides precise load characterization while the power stealing continues, resolving the contradiction between adaptability and measurement precision.
2Measurement precision
If discrete current measurements are taken during AC cycles, then load impedance can be accurately characterized, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by taking current measurements at discrete, periodic intervals during the AC cycle (e.g., at specific degrees of the sine wave). This periodic measurement approach allows accurate load impedance characterization through impedance calculation from multiple discrete points, while keeping the measurement system relatively simple by using regular, predictable measurement timing rather than continuous complex monitoring.
3Use of energy by moving object
If power stealing is performed during load operation, then energy can be harvested, but the load may experience false tripping or stress
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamics by making the power stealing process adaptive and responsive to real-time load conditions. The system continuously monitors load current and adjusts the power stealing rate based on measured impedance and available current headroom. This dynamic adjustment prevents false tripping and load stress while maximizing energy harvesting, resolving the contradiction between energy harvesting efficiency and load operation stability.
4Reliability
If continuous monitoring of load current is performed, then equipment failures can be detected early, but the energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by performing continuous load monitoring only when necessary - specifically during characterization mode or when anomalies are detected. Normal operation uses periodic or event-triggered monitoring rather than continuous full-scale monitoring. This approach provides equipment failure detection capability while minimizing energy consumption by activating comprehensive monitoring only when needed.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively reduces the probability of false load tripping, increases the fidelity of charge rates, and provides advanced warnings for potential equipment failures, such as faulty flame sensing mechanisms, while supporting fast charging and efficient energy use in Wi-Fi and display systems.
Implementation Method 1
The system may store energy from the load in an ultra or super capacitor
Implementation Method 2
precise load characterization through impedance calculation and waveform analysis
Data Source
AI summary
A power transformation system having a power stealing mode for powering a device indirectly through an electrical load connected to a power source and also has a characterization mode. The transfer of energy from the power source via the load may go undetected. The system may store energy from the load in an ultra or super capacitor. This energy may be used to power Wi-Fi and various thermostat applications, among other things, associated with HVAC and building automation and management systems. Energy from the load may be supplemented or substituted with energy from a battery and/or a buck converter. In the characterization mode, the system may obtain data relative to power usage of a load and determine a profile to identify one or more components and their operating conditions.