Electric Powertrain Gear Module for Multi-Speed EV Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional electric powertrains face inefficiencies at high speeds and low torque, require multiple reduction stages for torque demand, leading to increased noise, vibrations, and high production costs due to the need for various powertrain configurations for different vehicle types.

Innovation Solution

A compact and robust electric powertrain design featuring a gear module architecture with countershafts and coupling members that allow for selective gear engagement, providing a higher number of speed ratios and improved efficiency, adaptable to a wide range of vehicles.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Force

If a fixed speed gearbox is used to achieve torque demand, then the reduction ratio is maintained, but the electric motor efficiency decreases at high speed and low torque conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque demandVSAvoidelectric motor efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies a variable ratio transmission system where the gear ratio can dynamically change based on operating conditions. The transmission includes a first gear ratio for high torque conditions and a second gear ratio for high speed conditions, allowing the system to adapt to different operational requirements and maintain optimal motor efficiency across various speed and torque ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Force

If a fixed speed gearbox with high reduction ratio is used to meet torque demand, then torque is sufficient, but the durability of transmission components decreases due to increased stresses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque demandVSAvoidtransmission durability
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The variable ratio transmission allows the system to use a lower first gear ratio when high speed operation is required, reducing the stress on gears, bearings, and sealing rings. This dynamic adjustment prevents excessive stresses that would otherwise occur in fixed ratio transmissions operating at high speeds, thereby improving transmission durability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Power

If gears rotate at high speed to meet power demand, then power output is sufficient, but lubrication problems occur due to centrifugal force ejecting oil

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidlubrication effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The variable ratio transmission system enables the use of a lower first gear ratio during high-speed operation, which directly reduces the rotational speed of the gears. This speed reduction prevents the centrifugal force from ejecting lubricating oil, ensuring proper lubrication is maintained even during high-power output conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Power

If high rotation speed is used to meet power demand, then power output is sufficient, but noise and vibrations increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidnoise and vibrations
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The variable ratio transmission allows the system to select an appropriate gear ratio based on operating conditions. By using the first gear ratio for high-speed operations, the system reduces gear rotation speeds, thereby minimizing noise and vibrations generated during power delivery while maintaining sufficient power output.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

5Adaptability or versatility

If multiple powertrain configurations are developed for different vehicle types, then vehicle-specific performance is optimized, but production costs significantly increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevehicle-specific performanceVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent describes a variable ratio transmission system that can be adapted across different vehicle types and duty classes. The transmission includes a housing with a receiving space that can accommodate different electric motor configurations, allowing a single transmission design to serve multiple applications from low-duty to heavy-duty vehicles, thereby reducing development and production costs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

6Volume of moving object

If the powertrain is made compact to free space for batteries, then space for batteries is increased, but the number of reduction stages must be minimized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepowertrain volumeVSAvoidreduction stages
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The variable ratio transmission achieves multiple effective gear ratios within a compact structure by using a single-stage design with variable ratio capability. This eliminates the need for multiple fixed reduction stages, maintaining compact powertrain volume while providing the necessary torque multiplication and speed variation through the variable ratio mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP4180255B1An electric powertrain for a vehicle
Publication Date: 2024.02.07 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4180255B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP4180255B1 patent drawingFigure 5~8
  • EP4180255B1 patent drawingFigure 9~11

AI summary

The invention relates to an electric powertrain (1) for a vehicle, the electric powertrain (1) configured to provide electric propulsion to the vehicle characterized in that the electric powertrain (1) comprises: - a first electric motor (EM1) linked to a first gear module (G1) through a motor shaft (14), said first gear module (G1) including a primary shaft (34) on which are arranged a first primary gear (31) and a second primary gear (32), - a second gear module (G2) including a secondary shaft (44) on which are arranged a first secondary gear (42) that is meshing with the second primary gear (32), - at least one countershaft (60) on which are arranged a first quaternary gear (61) and a second quaternary gear (62), - a coupling member (19) arranged at the first extremity (E11) of the primary shaft (34).