Multi-Wavelength PPG Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current non-invasive blood glucose monitoring techniques require calibration through invasive methods, leading to pain and increased costs due to the need for repeated blood sampling.

Innovation Solution

An electronic device equipped with a PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG) sensor that uses multiple LEDs emitting different wavelengths of light to measure optical densities, allowing for non-invasive blood glucose calculation without the need for blood sampling.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If non-invasive blood glucose monitoring techniques are used, then user comfort and cost are improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to the need for calibration through invasive methods

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveuser painVSAvoidblood glucose measurement accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Object-affected harmful factorsVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical needle-based blood sampling system with an optical measurement system using multiple LEDs and photodetectors. This substitution eliminates the harmful mechanical penetration while achieving blood glucose measurement through non-invasive optical absorption spectroscopy at multiple wavelengths

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the measurement parameters by using multiple wavelengths of light (different spectral parameters) to measure optical absorption at various depths of tissue. This multi-parameter optical approach enables calibration-free measurement by analyzing the spectral characteristics of light absorption by blood glucose molecules

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If invasive blood sampling is performed for calibration, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time and frequency of operation increase due to repeated sampling requirements

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveblood glucose measurement accuracyVSAvoidtime for repeated calibration

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary optical measurement and calibration actions continuously in the background without requiring repeated invasive blood sampling. The system establishes initial calibration through optical methods and maintains measurement precision through continuous non-invasive monitoring, eliminating the need for time-consuming repeated blood draws

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If multiple LEDs with different wavelengths are used, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveblood glucose measurement accuracyVSAvoidsensor structure complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the sensor module universal by integrating multiple LEDs with different wavelengths and photodetectors into a single compact unit that can perform multiple measurement functions. This multi-functional sensor head can measure blood glucose, monitor other physiological parameters, and adapt to different measurement conditions without requiring separate devices

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device accurately measures blood glucose concentrations without causing pain to the user, reducing the need for invasive methods and associated costs by using a non-invasive optical measurement technique.

Implementation Method 1

a PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG) sensor disposed inside the housing. The PPG sensor may include a first Light Emitting Diode (LED) configured to generate light in a first wavelength band, a second LED configured to generate light in a second wavelength band, a third LED configured to generate light in a third wavelength band, a fourth LED configured to generate light in a fourth wavelength band, and a light receiving module including at least one photo diode

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG):

Implementation Method 2

measure optical densities of the light generated by the first LED to the fourth LED

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentUS11896402B2Electronic device and method for obtaining information regarding blood glucose of user

Publication Date: 2024.02.13 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

AI summary

An electronic device may include a housing and a PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG) sensor disposed inside the housing. The PPG sensor may include a first Light Emitting Diode (LED) configured to generate light in a first wavelength band, a second LED configured to generate light in a second wavelength band, a third LED configured to generate light in a third wavelength band, a fourth LED configured to generate light in a fourth wavelength band, and a light receiving module including at least one photo diode. The electronic device may include a processor operatively coupled with the PPG sensor and a memory operatively coupled with the processor. The memory may include instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to measure optical densities of the light generated by the first LED to the fourth LED, and calculate a blood glucose value based at least in part on the measured optical densities.