Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring via PPG and Machine Learning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blood pressure monitoring methods are either invasive and inconvenient, such as arterial catheterization, or non-invasive but only provide single-point measurements, disrupting daily life and lacking continuous tracking.
Innovation Solution
An integrated system combining a mobile device with a photoplethysmography (PPG) device, microcontroller, and external processor for continuous blood pressure monitoring using machine learning and deep learning models, allowing for invisible, frequent measurements without the need for wearable devices.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If arterial catheterization is used for blood pressure measurement, then continuous and accurate measurement is achieved, but severe complications such as hemorrhage, thrombus formation, emboli, distal ischemia, and infection occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical invasive arterial catheterization system with an optical PPG-based measurement system. The PPG device uses light absorption and scattering properties of blood to measure blood pressure continuously and accurately without physical intrusion into arteries, thereby eliminating complications like hemorrhage, thrombus formation, emboli, distal ischemia, and infection while maintaining measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces PPG technology as an intermediary method between the subject's artery and the measurement device. Instead of directly inserting a catheter into the artery, the PPG sensor measures blood volume changes in the microcirculation through tissue, serving as a safe intermediary that provides continuous accurate blood pressure monitoring without the harmful effects of invasive procedures.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If cuff-based home monitors are used for blood pressure measurement, then non-invasive and safe measurement is achieved, but only single time point measurement is provided and measurement process interferes with daily life
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables continuous blood pressure monitoring by integrating the PPG device with a mobile device that the subject carries throughout the day. The system continuously collects PPG signals and accelerometry data, processing them to provide ongoing blood pressure measurements rather than single time-point readings, thus achieving continuous useful action without interruption to daily activities.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes the mobile device serve multiple functions: it acts as both a communication device and a continuous blood pressure monitoring system. The PPG sensor integrated into the mobile device can continuously measure blood pressure, store data, and transmit results, eliminating the need for separate dedicated monitoring equipment and enabling continuous measurement while the subject engages in normal daily activities.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If cuff-based home monitors are used for blood pressure measurement, then non-invasive and safe measurement is achieved, but people need to take time to sit still and make measurement which is inconvenient and can interfere with people's daily lives
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the mobile device to automatically perform blood pressure measurements without requiring the subject's active participation or cooperation. The PPG sensor continuously captures blood flow signals, and the system automatically processes the data using machine learning algorithms to estimate blood pressure, eliminating the need for the subject to sit still or manually operate the device, thus greatly improving ease of operation while maintaining safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary data collection and processing continuously in the background. The PPG device constantly monitors blood flow parameters and stores the data, so when blood pressure estimation is needed, the analysis is already prepared or can be quickly computed using pre-trained machine learning models, eliminating the need for the subject to stop activities and sit still for measurement.
4Duration of action of moving object
If wearable devices are used for continuous blood pressure monitoring, then continuous measurement over time is achieved, but the subject needs to wear the device all the time which reduces compliance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the blood pressure monitoring function with the mobile device that the subject already carries and uses daily for communication and other purposes. By integrating the PPG sensor into the existing mobile device rather than requiring a separate wearable, the system achieves continuous measurement capability while eliminating the need for the subject to wear additional devices, thereby significantly improving compliance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables safe, convenient, and continuous blood pressure monitoring over time, providing accurate and reliable data for improved health management and reducing the risk of missed measurements in daily life.
Implementation Method 1
a photoplethysmography (PPG) device, a microcontroller
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a system and method for monitoring blood pressure, including a mobile device and an apparatus attached to the mobile device. The apparatus includes a PPG device, an accelerometer, a microcontroller, and an external processor for monitoring blood pressure of a subject over a period of time. The attached apparatus utilizes a PPG device to collect the biometric data of the subject while the subject is making physical contact with the apparatus. The cuffless blood pressure monitoring system and method utilize machine learning or deep learning models to estimate and track blood pressure of a subject over a period of time unaware by the subject.