PPG Biosensor Blood Type Detection via Ratio R Value
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current health monitoring methods are invasive, time-consuming, and not continuous, particularly for detecting blood type and concentration levels of substances in the blood, which is crucial for safe blood transfusions and emergency situations.
Innovation Solution
A non-invasive biosensor using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology that obtains spectral responses at multiple wavelengths to determine a blood type by calculating a ratio R value and accessing a calibration database to identify the blood type and vital signs.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If invasive blood sampling methods are used to detect blood type and substance concentration, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates and loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces invasive mechanical blood sampling with optical detection using photoplethysmography (PPG). The PPG sensor uses light absorption characteristics at multiple wavelengths to non-invasively detect blood type and substance concentration, eliminating needles and blood draws while maintaining measurement capability through optical properties of hemoglobin and other blood components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from physical blood samples to optical absorption spectra. By measuring light absorption at multiple specific wavelengths and calculating ratio values, the system extracts blood type and concentration information from optical signals without invasive sampling, transforming the measurement approach from mechanical to optical domain
2Measurement precision
If traditional blood sampling methods are used, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases due to manual processing and lab transport
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical workflow of blood collection, transport, and laboratory analysis with an integrated optical detection system. The PPG sensor with multi-wavelength light sources and processing circuitry performs all measurements in situ, eliminating time-consuming manual handling and transport while maintaining diagnostic accuracy through spectral analysis
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple functions (blood type detection, substance concentration measurement, vital sign monitoring) into a single integrated PPG-based device. By combining multiple wavelength detections and analysis algorithms in one system, it eliminates the sequential time losses associated with separate testing procedures and laboratory workflows
3Reliability
If continuous monitoring is implemented, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the monitoring function into discrete wavelength channels, each targeting specific blood components or physiological parameters. By dividing the spectral range into multiple targeted wavelength bands with dedicated detection paths, the system achieves comprehensive continuous monitoring while keeping each detection module relatively simple and modular
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a universal PPG detection platform that performs multiple functions (blood typing, concentration measurement, vital signs) through a single multi-wavelength optical system. The same hardware infrastructure supports diverse measurements by analyzing different spectral features, reducing overall device complexity compared to having separate specialized devices for each function
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables continuous, non-invasive monitoring of vital signs and substance concentration levels, including blood type identification, improving safety and efficiency in healthcare settings by providing quick and accurate results without the need for invasive procedures.
Implementation Method 1
A photoplethysmography (PPG) circuit is configured to transmit light at a plurality of wavelengths directed at skin tissue of a user and detect the spectral response
Implementation Method 2
obtains spectral responses at multiple wavelengths to determine a blood type by calculating a ratio R value
Data Source
AI summary
A biosensor identifies a blood type using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology. A PPG circuit obtains a plurality of spectral responses at a plurality of wavelengths detected from skin of a user. A processing circuit determines a blood factor indicator using the plurality of spectral responses. The blood factor indicator may include a signal quality parameter or a ratio R value. A calibration database includes a correlation of the blood factor indicator to a plurality of blood types. The blood blood type of the user is identified using the blood factor indicator and the calibration database.