Optical Measurement Device Pressure Feedback for PPG Signal Quality

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current photoplethysmography (PPG) devices face challenges in obtaining accurate measurements due to noisy baseline AC signal components and movement artifacts, leading to unreliable results, especially when the detected signal is less than ideal.

Innovation Solution

An optical measurement device with a pressure detection assembly that determines the optimal pressure for each user by analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio of the PPG signal and providing real-time feedback to adjust the applied pressure, ensuring a high-quality signal through a feedback unit.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If simple thresholding or peak detection algorithms are used to find principal peaks in the detected signal, then the device complexity is reduced, but the measurement precision deteriorates when the detected signal is less than ideal or the baseline becomes noisy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealgorithm complexityVSAvoidpeak detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a baseline correction step before peak detection. The system identifies and removes baseline drift and noise components from the PPG signal prior to applying thresholding or peak detection algorithms. This preprocessing action ensures that subsequent simple algorithms can operate on a cleaned signal, maintaining measurement precision without increasing algorithmic complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary processing stage between signal acquisition and peak detection. This intermediary layer includes filtering and baseline correction mechanisms that mediate between the raw noisy signal and the peak detection algorithm. By inserting this intermediate processing step, the system preserves the simplicity of the final peak detection while ensuring accurate results even when the original signal is noisy or has a complex baseline.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If the user applies pressure to the optical measurement device to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, then the measurement precision improves, but the ease of operation deteriorates due to the need for manual pressure adjustment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal-to-noise ratioVSAvoidpressure adjustment convenience
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback by continuously monitoring the quality of the detected PPG signal and providing real-time guidance to the user about the appropriate pressure to apply. The system analyzes signal characteristics such as amplitude and noise levels, then communicates back to the user whether to increase, decrease, or maintain the current pressure. This closed-loop feedback mechanism automates the pressure optimization process, improving measurement precision while maintaining ease of operation as the user simply follows the device's guidance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If pressure detection assembly and feedback unit are added to optimize the PPG signal, then the measurement precision improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical measurement accuracyVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies universality by designing the pressure detection assembly to serve multiple functions: it not only detects the pressure applied by the user but also provides structural support for the optical components and houses the signal processing electronics. The feedback unit similarly serves dual purposes by both monitoring signal quality and communicating with the user through multiple modalities (visual, tactile). This multi-functionality approach reduces overall device complexity by consolidating functions into existing components rather than adding separate dedicated structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the PPG signal, providing more accurate and reliable physiological measurements by optimizing the pressure applied, resulting in improved oxygen saturation and blood pressure monitoring.

Implementation Method 1

an illumination and detection assembly configured to output light to a portion of living tissue of a user for measurement and to detect the output light transmitted or reflected from said surface portion of the user as a signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight transmission and reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

a pressure assembly configured to detect an amount of pressure applied to the illumination and detection assembly by the portion of living tissue of the user

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure detection:

Data Source

PatentEP3127478B1Devices and methods for non-invasive optical physiological measurements
Publication Date: 2021.06.09 NITTO DENKO CORP
  • EP3127478B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3127478B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3127478B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An optical measurement device and method of use provides non-invasive physiological measurements from a predetermined location on a body part of a user. The optical measurement device provides an illumination and detection assembly configured to generate and detect light of a predetermined wavelength range in the form of a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, as well as a pressure detection assembly configured to detect an amount of pressure applied to the measurement device by the user being measured. A feedback unit, such as a portable display device, can be coupled to the measurement device to provide the user with real-time feedback of the detected PPG signal and level of applied pressure so that the user may adjust the amount of applied pressure to improve the quality of the detected PPG signal.