PPG Sensor Triggers Blood Pressure Measurement for ROSC Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are invasive, unreliable, and prone to unnecessary interruptions in chest compressions, as they rely on manual palpation or require invasive measurements, which can degrade CPR quality and lead to re-arrest.

Innovation Solution

A non-invasive device combining photoplethysmography (PPG) signals with blood pressure measurements to assess cardiogenic output, using PPG sensors to detect spontaneous pulses and trigger blood pressure measurements based on predefined conditions, thereby supporting the decision to continue or stop CPR.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If manual palpation is used to detect ROSC, then pulse detection can be performed, but unnecessary interruptions in chest compressions occur and reliability is low

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveROSC detection reliabilityVSAvoidCPR quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical palpation with an optical detection system using PPG sensors. The PPG sensor detects spontaneous cardiac pulses through photoplethysmography, providing objective and reliable ROSC detection without requiring manual intervention. This substitution eliminates the subjectivity and unreliability of manual palpation while maintaining continuous monitoring capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary automated detection system that acts as a mediator between the patient's physiological state and the clinician's decision-making. The PPG-based detection system continuously monitors for spontaneous pulses and provides objective signals, serving as an intermediary that reduces the need for repeated manual checks and unnecessary CPR interruptions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If invasive arterial blood pressure measurement is used to detect ROSC, then reliable measurement is obtained, but invasiveness increases and availability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveROSC detection reliabilityVSAvoidMeasurement availability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces invasive mechanical arterial catheterization with a non-invasive optical PPG detection system. The PPG sensor uses light absorption changes to detect cardiac pulses and trigger blood pressure measurements, eliminating the need for invasive catheter placement while maintaining reliable ROSC detection capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary PPG-based pulse detection before initiating invasive blood pressure measurements. The PPG system continuously monitors for spontaneous cardiac activity and only triggers invasive BP measurement when a spontaneous pulse is detected, thereby reducing the frequency and necessity of invasive procedures while maintaining measurement availability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of operation

If PPG-based pulse detection is used, then non-invasive monitoring is achieved, but quantitative assessment of cardiogenic output is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNon-invasive monitoringVSAvoidCardiogenic output assessment
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges PPG-based pulse detection with blood pressure measurement functionality. The PPG sensor detects spontaneous cardiac pulses and triggers BP measurement, combining the advantages of non-invasive continuous monitoring with quantitative hemodynamic assessment. This integration allows the system to provide both non-invasive monitoring and precise cardiogenic output evaluation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where PPG-detected pulse characteristics inform the timing and triggering of blood pressure measurements. The system uses PPG signal analysis to determine when spontaneous cardiac activity occurs, then triggers BP measurement to provide quantitative feedback on cardiogenic output, creating a closed-loop system that enhances measurement precision while maintaining non-invasive operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The device provides a reliable, non-invasive, and quantitative indicator of ROSC, reducing unnecessary interruptions in CPR and preventing re-arrest by accurately determining when to stop chest compressions, thus improving CPR quality and patient outcomes.

Implementation Method 1

a PPG sensor (e.g., a reflectance photoplethysmography sensor) to a body part of the patient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoplethysmography: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3781029B1Device, system and method for supporting detection of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Publication Date: 2023.04.05 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV
  • EP3781029B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3781029B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3781029B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The present invention relates to a device, system and method providing quantitative support for detection of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A photoplethysmography measurement is used to trigger a blood pressure measurement for assessing return of spontaneous circulation and hence for guiding a user through CPR. The present invention may prevent futile interruptions during compressions as well as re-arrest of the heart due to unnecessary compressions.