PPG Biosignal Measurement with Skin Effect Removal for HbA1c
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional invasive methods for measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) impose a burden on diabetic patients and provide inaccurate results due to factors like short red blood cell lifespan or kidney disease, necessitating a non-invasive solution for accurate blood sugar and HbA1c level monitoring.
Innovation Solution
A non-invasive biosignal measurement device using PPG signals, incorporating a signal measurement instrument with optical barriers and sensor modules to remove skin effects, employs a genetic symbolic regression model to refine PPG signals, calculating ratio values at different wavelengths for accurate blood sugar and HbA1c measurement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional invasive methods are used to measure glycated hemoglobin, then measurement can be performed, but patient burden increases and measurement accuracy deteriorates due to factors like short red blood cell lifespan or kidney disease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical invasive blood collection method with an optical measurement system using PPG signals. The device uses light emission and detection through skin contact to measure glycated hemoglobin levels without needle puncture or blood drawing, thereby eliminating patient burden while maintaining measurement capability through optical property analysis of blood components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an optical intermediary system consisting of light sources and detectors that interact with blood vessels through the skin. This intermediary optical path allows indirect measurement of glycated hemoglobin by analyzing how light interacts with blood components, avoiding direct blood contact while achieving accurate measurement
2Ease of operation
If non-invasive PPG measurement is implemented, then patient burden is reduced, but measurement accuracy deteriorates due to noise from skin effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the skin effect noise component from the PPG signal through signal processing. By identifying and separating the noise portion caused by skin properties from the useful blood-related signal, the system recovers the clean PPG signal needed for accurate glycated hemoglobin measurement, thereby resolving the accuracy degradation issue
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful skin effect noise into a beneficial measurement opportunity. By deliberately measuring the skin effect noise and using it as a reference, the system can subtract this noise component from the total signal, transforming what was originally a source of error into a tool for improving measurement accuracy through noise cancellation
3Measurement precision
If optical barriers and sensor modules are added to remove skin effects, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the measurement system into distinct functional modules: light emission units, optical barriers, detection modules, and signal processing units. Each module performs a specific function in the measurement chain, allowing for targeted optimization of each component while maintaining overall system accuracy, thereby managing complexity through functional decomposition
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate, non-invasive measurement of blood sugar and HbA1c levels by effectively removing noise from PPG signals, reducing the burden on patients and improving measurement accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
block noises according to intrinsic reflection and extrinsic reflection
Implementation Method 2
a photo detector (PD) detecting light derived via the skin from the incident light
Implementation Method 3
a light emitting diode (LED) radiating incident light having a specific wavelength value toward one side of the body part
Data Source
AI summary
A non-invasive biosignal measurement device based on skin effect removal, includes: a signal measurement instrument measuring a PPG signal of a measurement subject in contact with the skin on one side of a specific body part of the measurement subject; a signal reception unit receiving the PPG signal from the signal measurement instrument; and a ratio value calculation unit removing noise due to a skin effect from the PPG signal, and then calculating ratio values at different wavelengths for measuring a biosignal including blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin of the measurement subject. The signal measurement instrument includes a first sensor module including an optical barrier and a second sensor module for removing the skin effect.