PPO-Resistant Weed Control With Triazinone Herbicide Compounds
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Solution Overview
Problem
Herbicide-resistant weeds, particularly those resistant to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides, pose a significant challenge in effective weed control due to their widespread resistance and reduced susceptibility to conventional herbicides, leading to decreased efficacy and increased selection pressure.
Innovation Solution
Application of compounds of Formula (I) to target PPO-resistant weeds, including their propagation material or locus, to control their growth, optionally combined with additional active ingredients like S-metolachlor, glufosinate, glyphosate, mesotrione, bicyclopyrone, or metribuzin, addressing specific mutations in the PPO enzyme.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional PPO inhibitor herbicides are applied to control weeds, then weed control efficacy is achieved in sensitive weeds, but herbicide-resistant weeds survive and proliferate due to resistance mechanisms
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of PPO inhibitor herbicides by changing molecular parameters - specifically introducing a triazinone core structure with specific substituent patterns (R1-R8 groups) that alter the herbicide's binding affinity and mechanism of action, enabling it to overcome resistance mechanisms while maintaining efficacy against resistant weeds
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite herbicide molecules combining specific functional groups (isoxazole, triazinone, carbonyl, hydroxyl groups) in a unified molecular structure that integrates multiple activity centers, allowing the compound to target resistant PPO enzymes effectively while maintaining selectivity for useful plants
2Productivity
If repeated application of one herbicide mode of action is used to control weeds, then weed control is achieved initially, but selection pressure increases leading to rising proportion of resistant individuals
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of continuing to apply the same herbicide mode of action that is driving resistance, the patent inverts the approach by developing a chemically distinct PPO inhibitor with a different molecular framework (triazinone-based rather than conventional PPO inhibitors) that does not exert the same selection pressure, thereby breaking the resistance evolution cycle
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces dynamic adaptability to weed management strategies by providing a herbicide compound that can effectively control weeds with different resistance mechanisms (including R128M/G, A210 deletion, and other PPO mutations), allowing the management approach to adapt to evolving resistance patterns without repeating the same selective pressure
3Adaptability or versatility
If broad-spectrum herbicides are applied to control all weeds, then comprehensive weed control is achieved, but specificity and reliability of action decrease due to lack of selectivity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by designing a herbicide compound with specific molecular features (R1-R8 substituent patterns including halogen, alkyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups) that create selective binding characteristics, allowing the herbicide to target specific resistant weed populations while sparing useful plants through differential sensitivity to the modified PPO inhibitor
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Compounds of Formula (I) effectively control PPO-resistant weeds, including those with mutations at amino acids 128, 210, and 399, while being tolerated by useful plants and crops, enhancing the specificity and reliability of weed management.
Implementation Method 1
The primary mechanism of action of PPO-inhibitor herbicides is inhibition of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), which is an enzyme in the chloroplast cell that oxidizes protoporphyrinogen IX (PPGIX) to produce protoporphyrin IX (PPIX).
Implementation Method 2
Acting as a photosensitiser, protoporphyrinogen IX's presence in the cytosol leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species which attack and destroy lipids membranes leading to cell death.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicide resistant weeds, which comprises applying to the weed, part of the weed, weed propagation material, or the locus of the weed, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and wherein the PPO-resistant weeds are weeds that are resistant to at least one PPO-inhibiting herbicide, except the compounds of Formula (I).