Pre-chamber Spark Plug Fuel Valve Thermal Management

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

In gaseous fuel internal combustion engines, the close proximity of the fuel valve to the pre-chamber leads to increased wear and potential failure due to heat generated during ignition and combustion, as the fuel valve is sensitive to high temperatures.

Innovation Solution

The fuel valve is positioned at a safe distance from the pre-chamber, with a fuel supply channel and capillary tube arrangement that reduces temperature impact, including a capillary tube with a reduced diameter to prevent flame propagation and dampen pressure influences, and a fuel valve reception design that ensures the fuel valve is not ejected unintentionally.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If the fuel valve is positioned close to the pre-chamber for compact design, then device complexity is reduced, but the fuel valve experiences increased temperature and wear leading to reduced reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural compactnessVSAvoidfuel valve lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The fuel valve is extracted from the immediate vicinity of the pre-chamber and positioned in the rear housing portion, separating it from the high-temperature combustion zone. This extraction reduces thermal exposure and wear on the fuel valve while maintaining functional integration through the fuel supply channel system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The first fuel supply channel acts as an intermediary element connecting the fuel valve (in the rear housing) to the pre-chamber (in the tip housing). This intermediary allows functional connection while maintaining spatial separation, enabling the fuel valve to be positioned away from heat sources

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Temperature

If the fuel valve is positioned far from the pre-chamber to reduce heat exposure, then temperature impact on the fuel valve is reduced, but the overall length of the spark plug increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature impact on fuel valveVSAvoidspark plug length
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The spark plug structure utilizes multiple spatial dimensions and sections (tip housing portion, intermediate housing portion, rear housing portion) arranged along the longitudinal axis. The fuel valve is positioned in the rear housing portion while the pre-chamber is in the tip housing portion, distributing components along the length to achieve thermal separation without excessive overall elongation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Reliability

If a capillary tube with reduced diameter is used to prevent flame propagation, then flame arrest capability is improved, but fuel flow resistance increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflame arrest capabilityVSAvoidfuel flow resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The capillary tube has a specifically optimized reduced diameter that balances flame arrest capability with acceptable fuel flow characteristics. The diameter is sufficiently small to prevent flame propagation through the fuel supply channel while remaining large enough to maintain adequate fuel delivery to the pre-chamber

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration significantly reduces the temperature impact on the fuel valve, increasing its lifespan by maintaining it in a cooler region and preventing accidental ejection, thereby enhancing the reliability and durability of the pre-chamber spark plug system.

Implementation Method 1

a capillary tube with a reduced diameter to prevent flame propagation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 2

a fuel valve reception design that ensures the fuel valve is not ejected unintentionally

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical constraint: Mechanical Fastener

Data Source

PatentEP3182534B1Pre-chamber spark plug
Publication Date: 2020.02.19 CATERPILLAR ENERGY SOLUTIONS
  • EP3182534B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3182534B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3182534B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to a pre-chamber spark plug (10) for a gaseous fuel internal combustion engine. The pre-chamber spark plug (10) comprises a pre-chamber (26) having a maximum pre-chamber height (h) measured along the first longitudinal axis (A). The pre-chamber spark plug (10) further comprises a fuel valve (48) arranged in a distance (s) to the pre-chamber (26). The distance (s) is at least three times greater than the maximum pre-chamber height (h) to considerably reduce the temperature impact from the pre-chamber (26) onto the fuel valve (48).