Prechamber Gas Injection Timing for Stable Combustion Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing internal combustion engines, particularly those with ignition prechambers, face inefficiencies in energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and operational stability due to suboptimal injection methods of the oxidiser-fuel gaseous mixture, which affect combustion rates and power delivery, especially under varying operating conditions.
Innovation Solution
A method for injecting an oxidiser-fuel gaseous mixture into an ignition prechamber using an electrically controlled injection actuator to adjust the quantity, energy, and combustion rate of the mixture by applying specific electrical current profiles and sensors to optimize the injector needle's operation, based on real-time engine conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a conventional injector is used to introduce the gaseous fuel mixture into the ignition prechamber, then the structure is simple, but the combustion rate and energy release cannot be precisely controlled under varying operating conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by replacing the conventional static injector with an electrically controlled injection actuator that can dynamically adjust the injector needle's position and opening duration. This allows real-time control of the gaseous fuel mixture injection rate into the ignition prechamber, enabling precise control of combustion rate and energy release to adapt to varying engine operating conditions such as load, speed, and temperature.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements parameter changes by using electrical current profiles to control the injection actuator, thereby changing the injection parameters (flow rate, duration, timing) of the gaseous fuel mixture. This allows optimization of combustion characteristics under different operating conditions without changing the physical structure of the injection system.
2Quantity of substance
If the injector needle remains sealed on the needle seat, then the structure is simple and reliable, but the gaseous fuel mixture cannot be introduced into the prechamber
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the purely mechanical injection system with an electrically controlled system. The electrically controlled injection actuator uses electrical signals (current profiles) to control the injector needle's movement, substituting complex mechanical control mechanisms with simpler electrical control while maintaining precise control over the quantity of gaseous fuel mixture introduced into the prechamber.
3Quantity of substance
If the injector opens for a long duration, then the quantity of gaseous fuel mixture introduced is high, but the combustion power and energy release rate are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by using controlled opening and closing cycles of the injector needle based on electrical current profiles. Instead of continuous injection, the system uses pulsed injection patterns where the needle opens for specific durations and closes in between, allowing control over both the total quantity of fuel introduced and the rate of energy release by optimizing the timing and duration of each injection pulse.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses dynamics by enabling real-time adjustment of the injector needle's opening duration and timing through electrical control. This allows the system to dynamically balance between introducing sufficient fuel quantity and maintaining high combustion power by adapting the injection parameters to the specific operating conditions and desired combustion characteristics.
4Power
If the injector opens briefly, then the combustion power is high, but the quantity of gaseous fuel mixture introduced is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses periodic action with multiple injection pulses to achieve both high combustion power and sufficient fuel quantity. By applying series of brief, high-intensity injection pulses rather than a single long injection, the system maintains high power output while introducing the required total quantity of gaseous fuel mixture into the ignition prechamber.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements parameter changes by optimizing the electrical current profiles to control the injector needle's opening duration and timing. This allows the system to adjust injection parameters dynamically to achieve the optimal balance between fuel quantity and combustion power for different operating conditions.
5Use of energy by moving object
If the gaseous fuel mixture is introduced without precise control, then the injection system is simple, but the thermodynamic efficiency and pollutant emissions are suboptimal
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies feedback by using sensors to detect engine operating conditions (such as temperature, pressure, and position) and feeding this information back to the control unit. The control unit then adjusts the electrical current profiles sent to the injection actuator to optimize the gaseous fuel mixture injection, thereby maximizing thermodynamic efficiency and minimizing pollutant emissions under varying operating conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical control mechanisms with electrical control systems that can process sensor data and adjust injection parameters in real-time. This electrical control approach enables precise control of fuel injection to optimize efficiency and emissions while keeping the overall system architecture relatively simple.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the thermodynamic efficiency, reduces pollutant emissions, and stabilizes engine performance by precisely controlling the combustion process, adapting to varying load, speed, and temperature conditions, thereby improving overall engine efficiency and reducing acoustic and vibratory emissions.
Implementation Method 1
an electrically controlled injection actuator which, under the influence of an electrical current, moves an injector needle
Implementation Method 2
the ignition of the gaseous fuel mixture in the ignition prechamber can be triggered by a spark plug which opens into the ignition prechamber
Implementation Method 3
a gaseous fuel mixture which has previously been pressurised by compression means and which is to be introduced into the ignition prechamber as a pilot charge for igniting a main charge in a combustion chamber
Data Source
AI summary
The method for injecting an oxidiser-fuel gaseous fuel mixture (1) of a pilot charge (39) into an ignition prechamber (2) is to measure the angular position of a crankshaft (7) then, using a filling electrical current profile (22) which imposes a filling lift law (23) on a gaseous fuel mixture injector (9) which opens into said prechamber (2), using a recovery variable (25) which sets the offset between the ignition (41) of the pilot charge (39) in the ignition prechamber (2) and the end of the injection of said charge (39), using a triggering variable of the the filling electrical current profile (26), using a richness variable (27), in order to generate, for each operating point of an internal combustion engine (4), an injection data set (28), then to execute said set (28).