Prechamber Valve Actuation via Shared Rocker Arm

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Solution Overview

Problem

The complexity and limited control of prechamber valve operation in lean burn piston engines, particularly due to the need for a separate cam and mechanism, hinder efficient combustion efficiency and nitrogen oxide reduction.

Innovation Solution

A prechamber arrangement with a spring-loaded valve and a dual-chamber system, actuated by the same mechanism as the inlet valve, allowing adjustable lift and timing through varying piston surface areas, eliminating the need for a separate cam and mechanism.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a separate cam and mechanism are used for prechamber valve operation, then the prechamber valve can be controlled independently, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveindependent prechamber valve controlVSAvoidseparate cam and mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the prechamber valve actuation mechanism with the main inlet valve actuation mechanism. The rocker arm that actuates the inlet valve is extended or modified to also actuate the prechamber valve, eliminating the need for a separate cam and pushrod mechanism. This merging of functions reduces device complexity while maintaining independent control capability through shared actuation timing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The rocker arm is designed to serve dual functions: actuating both the main inlet valve and the prechamber valve. By making the actuation mechanism universal, the patent eliminates redundant components (separate cam, pushrod, rocker arm for prechamber valve) while preserving the ability to independently control valve timing through appropriate design of the actuation linkage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Volume of moving object

If a spring-loaded prechamber valve with short lift is used, then the valve structure is compact, but the control precision is hampered

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompact valve structureVSAvoidvalve control precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a dynamic control mechanism where the prechamber valve lift is not fixed but can be varied through the actuation system. The rocker arm mechanism with adjustable geometry or additional linkage allows the valve lift to be dynamically controlled despite the compact size, enabling precise control of valve opening duration and timing without requiring a long fixed lift.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the control parameters of the prechamber valve by adjusting the actuation timing, duration, and lift magnitude through the modified rocker arm mechanism. This allows precise control of the valve operation parameters (when it opens, how long it stays open, and how far it opens) while maintaining a compact valve structure with relatively short physical lift distance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Simplifies the prechamber valve operation, allowing for improved control over combustion efficiency and reduced nitrogen oxide formation by optimizing the prechamber valve lift and timing, enhancing combustion completeness.

Implementation Method 1

The chamber (28) is delimited by the piston surface (32) of the prechamber valve (19) on which piston surface the pressure of the pressure medium acts to move the prechamber valve (19) toward the open position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 2

A spring-loaded prechamber valve (19) provided with a piston surface (32) for feeding a mixture of combustion air and fuel into the prechamber (17), and ignition means for igniting mixture of combustion air and fuel in the prechamber. The prechamber valve can be moved between an open and closed position and is pressed toward the closed position by a spring

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpring force: Spring

Implementation Method 3

When a mixture of fuel and air is combusted in combustion engines, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP2097629B1Pre-chamber arrangement for a piston engine
Publication Date: 2012.09.26 WARTSILA FINLAND OY
  • EP2097629B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2097629B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2097629B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A prechamber arrangement adaptable in the upper part (2) of a cylinder in a piston engine (1), the prechamber arrangement comprising a prechamber (17), a spring-loaded prechamber valve (19) provided with a piston surface (32) for feeding a mixture of combustion air and fuel into the prechamber (17), and ignition means (20) for igniting the mixture of combustion air and fuel in the prechamber (17), which prechamber valve (19) can be moved between an open and closed position and which is pressed toward the closed position by a spring (24). The prechamber arrangement (15) comprises a chamber (28) for pressure medium and a second chamber (27) for pressure medium in flow connection with the chamber (28), which is delimited by the piston surface (32) of the prechamber valve on which the pressure of the pressure medium acts to move the prechamber valve (19) toward the open position, and which second chamber (27) is delimited by the piston surface (31) of a movable second piston (29).