Predictive EV Charging Protocols for Battery Life and Range
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery life in electric and hybrid electric vehicles is reduced when stored at high state of charge (SOC) for extended periods, as it accelerates degradation.
Innovation Solution
A charging module predicts vehicle usage post-charging and selectively charges the battery to a target SOC or a limited SOC based on the predicted usage, minimizing storage time at high SOC to extend battery life.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If the battery system is charged to a high state of charge (SOC) to ensure sufficient driving range, then the driving range is improved, but the battery life is reduced due to accelerated degradation during extended storage at high SOC
Solution Approach 1:
The charging module dynamically adjusts the target SOC based on predicted vehicle usage patterns. When the vehicle is predicted to be stored for extended periods, the system automatically reduces the charging target to a lower SOC level, thereby preventing battery degradation while ensuring sufficient range for anticipated use. This dynamic adjustment resolves the contradiction by making SOC a variable parameter rather than a fixed high value.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary prediction of vehicle usage patterns before charging completion. By predicting whether the vehicle will be stored or used soon after charging, the system proactively determines the appropriate target SOC level. This preliminary action allows the battery to be charged to the optimal SOC level from the outset, avoiding both overcharging (which harms battery life) and undercharging (which limits driving range).
2Duration of action of moving object
If the battery system is charged to the maximum SOC to maximize driving range, then the driving range is improved, but the time required for charging increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies partial charging action by charging the battery only to the necessary SOC level predicted for upcoming usage, rather than charging to maximum capacity. When the vehicle is predicted to be stored soon, the system charges to a lower SOC level than maximum, thereby reducing charging time while still providing sufficient range for the anticipated short-term storage period and subsequent use.
3Duration of action of moving object
If the charging module continuously charges the battery to the target SOC regardless of usage patterns, then the driving range is maintained, but the battery degradation accelerates during extended storage periods
Solution Approach 1:
The charging module incorporates feedback from usage pattern analysis to adjust charging behavior. The system monitors and predicts vehicle usage patterns, then uses this feedback to dynamically determine the appropriate target SOC level. When extended storage is predicted, the feedback loop triggers a reduction in target SOC, thereby preventing degradation while still maintaining sufficient range. This feedback mechanism resolves the contradiction by making charging behavior adaptive rather than static.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the SOC parameter dynamically based on predicted usage patterns. Instead of maintaining a fixed high target SOC, the system adjusts the SOC parameter downward when extended storage is predicted and upward when immediate use is anticipated. This parameter change strategy allows the system to maintain adequate driving range while minimizing battery degradation during storage periods.
Data Source
AI summary
A charging module configured to charge a battery system of a vehicle includes a usage prediction module configured to predict usage of the vehicle subsequent to a charging event, a target state of charge (SOC) calculation module configured to determine a target SOC based on the predicted usage of the vehicle subsequent to the charging event, and a charging control module configured to selectively charge the battery system, based on the predicted usage of the vehicle subsequent to the charging event, to one of the target SOC and a limited SOC.