Preemptive Decentralized Cache Line Tracking for Fair Access

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing cache line access mechanisms in computing environments with multiple processor chips and shared caches face scalability issues, leading to unfair access and prolonged wait times for requestors, impacting performance and response times.

Innovation Solution

Implement a decentralized, hierarchical hot cache line fairness mechanism using requested and serviced vectors that track cache line requests and access status, preemptively building a structure to ensure fair access for all requestors, reducing the need for centralized storage space.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a centralized mechanism is used to track cache line requests, then complete tracking information can be maintained, but scalability issues arise and large physical space is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetracking completenessVSAvoidscalability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the centralized tracking mechanism into decentralized components distributed across multiple caches. Each cache maintains local request tracking information independently, eliminating the need for a single centralized tracker. This segmentation allows the system to scale horizontally by adding more caches without proportionally increasing central tracking complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces hierarchical levels of tracking (local cache level, drawer level, and system level) to manage request information. By organizing tracking across multiple dimensions rather than a single centralized point, the system achieves both complete tracking and improved scalability through distributed responsibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of operation

If a centralized structure is used to track all cache line requests, then fair access can be ensured, but large centralized physical space is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefairness of accessVSAvoidphysical space requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent distributes the fairness tracking functionality across multiple independent caches rather than concentrating it in a single centralized structure. Each cache maintains its own request tracking state, reducing the physical space required at any single location while collectively ensuring fair access through the distributed network of caches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates replicated copies of tracking functionality at each cache level rather than maintaining a single master copy. This allows fairness to be enforced locally at each cache while reducing the need for large centralized storage, as each cache only needs to maintain its own local state.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Loss of time

If proactive prediction of coherence operations is implemented, then access time can be reduced, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoherence operation latencyVSAvoidpredictor mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements predictors that proactively anticipate future coherence operations based on historical access patterns. By performing coherence operations in advance before they are actually needed, the system reduces latency. The predictors are integrated into the existing cache controller logic, minimizing additional complexity while achieving proactive optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses feedback from historical coherence operation data to train and refine predictors. The system monitors actual access patterns and uses this information to improve prediction accuracy over time, allowing proactive operations to be targeted precisely when beneficial, thereby reducing unnecessary complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4505309B1Preemptive tracking of remote requests for decentralized hot cache line fairness tracking
Publication Date: 2025.08.27 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION
  • EP4505309B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4505309B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4505309B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Embodiments are for preemptive tracking of remote requests for decentralized hot cache line fairness tracking. Authority is requested for a cache line in conjunction with querying for outstanding requests for the cache line. One or more responses are received regarding the outstanding requests for the cache line. In response to receiving the one or more responses regarding the outstanding requests and in advance of receiving the authority for the cache line, the outstanding requests are preemptively tracked in a requested structure associated with the cache line.