Presettable Voltage Sensor with Active Phase Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing voltage sensors face limitations in precision due to parasitic phenomena and construction processes, leading to phase and ratio errors, which are difficult to compensate without increasing sensor size, weight, and cost.
Innovation Solution
An adjustable voltage sensor with a conditioning circuit that includes a resistor and an integrator circuit with specific resistance and capacitance values to minimize parasitic effects, ensuring the output voltage is in phase with the input voltage, using an electric field probe and dielectric material within a conductive shell, and an RC network or active amplification for phase compensation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional voltage sensors (transformers, capacitive or resistive dividers) are used to reduce primary voltage, then voltage measurement is achieved, but phase and ratio errors occur due to parasitic phenomena and construction processes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional electromagnetic transformers and passive RC networks with an active electronic circuit using operational amplifiers. This substitution eliminates the need for magnetic cores and large passive components, thereby reducing parasitic effects and construction-related errors while improving measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses adjustable resistors and capacitors in the active circuit to precisely control time constants and gain parameters. This allows for accurate phase and ratio adjustment, compensating for parasitic effects and achieving high manufacturing precision that is difficult to obtain with traditional fixed-parameter transformers.
2Manufacturing precision
If passive RC networks are used for phase compensation, then phase error correction is achieved, but the sensor size and weight increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces bulky passive RC compensation networks with active electronic circuits using operational amplifiers. This substitution achieves the same phase compensation function with much smaller and lighter components, eliminating the need for large resistors and capacitors while maintaining compensation accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The operational amplifier circuit performs multiple functions simultaneously: voltage amplification, phase compensation, and signal conditioning. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate passive compensation networks, reducing overall sensor weight and size while achieving accurate phase correction.
3Measurement precision
If traditional voltage sensors are used, then voltage reduction is achieved, but the sensor complexity and cost increase to maintain precision
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex electromagnetic transformer structures with simpler active electronic circuits. The operational amplifier-based design uses standard electronic components rather than precision-wound magnetic components, reducing manufacturing complexity while maintaining or improving measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The active circuit automatically compensates for parasitic effects and provides gain adjustment without requiring complex external calibration equipment or multiple adjustment mechanisms. The circuit self-regulates to maintain precision, reducing the need for complex external adjustment mechanisms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves high precision and compact design, comparable to the best commercial sensors, with low production costs and immunity to noise and disturbances, allowing for accurate voltage measurement with minimal phase displacement.
Implementation Method 1
a capacitor of capacitance Ci
Implementation Method 2
an electric filed probe facing the electrode
Implementation Method 3
an integrator circuit formed from an RC network in which the resistor has a resistance Ri and the capacitor of capacitance Ci
Data Source
AI summary
A presentable voltage sensor includes an electrode faced by an electric field probe and connected to a voltage source; a screening conductive shell wrapping the probe and connected to a reference potential; a dielectric material housed within the shell and interposed between the probe and the electrode; a conditioning circuit connected to an exit of the sensor and having a resistor of resistance Rm interposed between the probe and a second reference potential; and an integrator circuit formed from an RC network and having a resistor of resistance Ri, a capacitor of capacitance Ci, and a loss factor which, at a frequency of interest, is of an order of 10−4.