Pressure Differentiating Device With Neural Network Self-Calibration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing smoke and heat spread control systems for vertical evacuation routes face challenges in adapting to changing building conditions during construction or reconstruction, requiring manual calibration and failing to maintain pre-set overpressure values due to unauthorized access and unpredictable events like window cracks.
Innovation Solution
A pressure differentiating device equipped with a neural network-based predictive algorithm and a rotational speed governor that automatically adjusts settings to maintain a pre-set pressure difference, eliminating the need for manual calibration and enabling self-adaptation to changing conditions, including wind, temperature, and humidity, without mechanical redundant-relief curtains.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If manual calibration is used to set overpressure values, then the system can be initially configured, but it cannot adapt to changing building conditions during construction or reconstruction
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs self-calibration by automatically detecting pressure differences and adjusting fan speed accordingly. The microprocessor continuously monitors pressure sensor data and autonomously modifies operational parameters without requiring manual intervention, enabling the system to adapt to changing building conditions during construction or reconstruction.
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs continuous feedback through pressure sensors that monitor the actual pressure difference across the protected space. This feedback is processed by the microprocessor, which adjusts the fan motor speed in real-time to maintain the desired pressure differential, allowing automatic adaptation to varying building tightness and configuration.
2Reliability
If mechanical redundant-relief curtains are installed to control pressure, then pressure can be governed, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical redundant-relief curtains with an electronically controlled system. A microprocessor-based governor adjusts the speed of an electric fan motor to control pressure differentials, eliminating the need for complex mechanical moving parts while maintaining reliable pressure control through electronic regulation.
3Reliability
If the overpressure system is activated early during construction, then smoke protection can be provided, but calibration is impossible due to unauthorized access and changing conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The system is pre-configured with pressure sensors, fans, and control electronics during construction, enabling immediate smoke protection capability. The self-calibrating feature is built-in from the start, allowing the system to automatically adapt to changing conditions without requiring subsequent manual calibration or restricted access periods.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from static manual calibration to dynamic self-adjustment. The microprocessor continuously monitors pressure conditions and automatically modifies fan operational parameters in real-time, enabling the system to maintain effectiveness despite changing building conditions, unauthorized access, or environmental variations.
4Speed
If fan speed is adjusted manually to maintain pressure difference, then pressure control is achieved, but the response time is slow and cannot adapt to rapid changes
Solution Approach 1:
Pressure sensors continuously monitor the pressure differential and provide real-time feedback to the microprocessor. The controller automatically adjusts fan motor speed based on this feedback, enabling rapid response to pressure changes without manual intervention and maintaining optimal pressure control dynamically.
Solution Approach 2:
The system automatically changes operational parameters, specifically the fan motor speed, in response to detected pressure variations. The microprocessor modifies electrical parameters (voltage/frequency) supplied to the motor, enabling quick and precise adjustment of fan speed to maintain the desired pressure difference under varying conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device ensures consistent overpressure maintenance in dynamic environments, adapting to changes in the building's shape and tightness, and rapidly adjusts fan speed to maintain pressure differences within three seconds, ensuring effective smoke and heat control without manual intervention.
Implementation Method 1
a first space in which a fire has broken out, and a second space which is to be protected from the fire, in particular an escape route, and which is to be kept free of smoke by means of overpressure
Implementation Method 2
the governor (18) controls the rotational speed of the fan (4) so as to maintain a pre-set pressure difference
Data Source
Figure 1
AI summary
The present Invention relates to a pressure differentiating device used in systems to control smoke and heat spread, wherein the rotational speed governor with the processor (18) has a software that makes it possible to maintain the pre-set pressure difference while identifying the cubature and tightness of the object under control with the use of a neural network structure, and, by this means, the need to calibrate devices each time when the cubature and/or tightness has been changed is eliminated.