Pressure-Driven Nucleic Acid Extraction Module for Field Testing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing nucleic acid extraction and detection processes require complex manual operations, specialized equipment, and significant space, making real-time field applications difficult.
Innovation Solution
A nucleic acid extraction module and system that automates the process using pressure differences to move samples through containers, reducing system size and simplifying operations, and includes a nucleic acid test system with integrated components for amplification and detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If manual pipetting and centrifugation processes are used for nucleic acid extraction, then extraction accuracy can be maintained, but system complexity and operational difficulty increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses pressure differential mechanisms to automatically drive sample flow through the extraction system. A pressure generating unit creates positive pressure in the sample container while a vacuum unit creates negative pressure in the waste container, enabling automatic fluid transport through flow paths without requiring manual pipetting or centrifugation equipment.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs self-driven sample processing through automated pressure-controlled fluid flow. The sample automatically moves from the sample container through the nucleic acid attachment member to the waste container based on pressure differentials, eliminating the need for operator intervention in transfer operations.
2Reliability
If multiple separate components are used for sample transfer, then functional reliability can be maintained, but system size and space requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates multiple functions into a single integrated cartridge assembly. The sample container, waste container, nucleic acid attachment member, and flow paths are combined into one compact unit that can be manually inserted into the device, significantly reducing the space required compared to separate components for each function.
Solution Approach 2:
The pressure generating unit and vacuum unit serve multiple purposes: they control sample flow, drive reagent mixing, and manage waste removal throughout the extraction process, eliminating the need for separate dedicated components for each operation.
3Manufacturing precision
If professional manpower is required for pretreatment operations, then operational precision can be ensured, but ease of operation decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system automatically performs sample processing operations through pressure-driven fluid flow. The cartridge design with pre-positioned flow paths and pressure-controlled valves enables the system to self-regulate sample movement, mixing, and waste removal without requiring trained operators to perform complex manual procedures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces manual mechanical operations (pipetting, centrifugation) with an automated pressure-based fluid control system. Electronic control of pressure valves and pumps substitutes for manual dexterity requirements, making the system easier to operate while maintaining precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables easy, automated nucleic acid extraction and detection regardless of operator skill, allowing real-time use in the field with a compact and simplified system.
Implementation Method 1
a sample stored in the sample space moves to the nucleic acid attachment member through the first flow path by a pressure difference between the sample space and the waste sample space
Implementation Method 2
a nucleic acid included in the sample is adsorbed to the nucleic acid attachment member and then moves to the waste sample space through the second flow path
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a nucleic acid extraction module and a nucleic acid test system including the same. A nucleic acid extraction module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an extraction base in which a nucleic acid attachment member is disposed and a first flow path connected to one side of the nucleic acid attachment member and a second flow path connected to the other side of the nucleic acid attachment member are formed, an injection needle having a hollow shape, protruding from one side of the extraction base, and connected to the first flow path, and a discharge needle having a hollow shape, protruding from the other side of the extraction base, and connected to the second flow path.