Pressure Measuring Rake With Sensor Fusion for Unsteady Aerodynamics
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current measurement tools, particularly MEMS sensors, fail to accurately capture both stationary and unsteady pressure variations in aircraft engines due to inadequate sampling rates, leading to inaccurate data during unsteady aerodynamic phenomena.
Innovation Solution
A pressure measuring rake mounted on a connecting rod within an aircraft engine, combining stationary and unsteady pressure sensors with a data fusion module using an adjustable cross filter, such as a Kalman filter, to merge data and accurately track unsteady aerodynamic phenomena.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If stationary pressure sensors are used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates because sampling rates are lower than the 100 Hz variation frequency of unsteady aerodynamic phenomena
Solution Approach 1:
The sensor system is segmented into two distinct sensor types: stationary pressure sensors for measuring steady pressure components and unsteady pressure sensors for capturing dynamic variations. This segmentation allows each sensor type to be optimized for its specific function, with the stationary sensor providing stable baseline measurements and the unsteady sensor capturing high-frequency variations up to 100 Hz and above
Solution Approach 2:
Data from both stationary and unsteady pressure sensors are merged through a data fusion module that combines the complementary information from both sensor types. The stationary sensor data provides the mean pressure level while the unsteady sensor data captures the fluctuations, and their fusion produces complete pressure measurements that track unsteady aerodynamic phenomena accurately
2Measurement precision
If unsteady pressure sensors are used, then measurement precision improves for capturing high-frequency variations, but reliability deteriorates during sudden temperature changes due to inaccurate stationary pressure measurements
Solution Approach 1:
The stationary pressure sensor acts as an intermediary that provides stable reference measurements during temperature changes. When unsteady sensors produce inaccurate readings due to thermal effects, the stationary sensor's reliable stationary pressure data serves as a reference to identify and correct these anomalies, ensuring measurement reliability during temperature variations
3Measurement precision
If only unsteady pressure sensors are used, then measurement precision improves for dynamic phenomena, but loss of information increases because stationary pressure data cannot be accurately captured
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement function is segmented between two sensor types: the stationary pressure sensor exclusively captures the steady pressure component while the unsteady pressure sensor captures the dynamic variation component. This segmentation prevents the unsteady sensor from being overwhelmed by attempting to measure both stationary and unsteady components, thereby preserving information integrity for both measurement types
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise tracking of unsteady aerodynamic variations by fusing data from stationary and unsteady sensors, providing accurate pressure measurements across varying conditions.
Implementation Method 1
an air intake forming a fluidic passage between the cavity and the vein
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3~5
AI summary
The measuring rake 1 comprises a sleeve (82), a leading edge (6) with a plurality of cavities (61), a steady-state pressure sensor (71) generating first data and an unsteady-state pressure sensor (72) generating second data in each of the cavities (61), an electronic circuit (8) including the steady-state pressure sensor (71) and the unsteady-state pressure sensor (72) of each of the cavities (61), a processing unit (9) configured to fuse the first and second data, and a second communication module (93) for transmitting the first and second data, as well as the fused first and second data, to a user device (94). This allows for the monitoring of unsteady aerodynamic phenomena.