Battery Cell Pressure Relief Layout for Thermal Runaway Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery technologies face challenges in ensuring safety during thermal runaway, as emissions from one battery cell can cause thermal impact and affect the actuation performance of pressure relief mechanisms in adjacent cells, leading to a cascade of thermal runaway.
Innovation Solution
A battery design incorporating a pressure relief mechanism with support components and protective components that include through holes and weak regions, allowing emissions to bypass the mechanism, reducing thermal impact and improving safety by preventing emissions from flowing back and affecting adjacent cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a pressure relief mechanism is added to the battery cell, then safety during thermal runaway is improved, but the complexity of the battery structure increases
Solution Approach 1:
The support component is nested within the battery cell structure, with the first support component positioned between the first wall and the second support component. This nested arrangement provides structural support and integrates the pressure relief function without significantly increasing external dimensions or overall complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The support component acts as an intermediary element between the battery cell wall and the pressure relief mechanism. It provides a stable mounting structure for the pressure relief mechanism while maintaining the integrity of the cell wall, thus improving safety without directly complicating the overall battery structure.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the first protective component is positioned to close the second through hole, then thermal impact on the pressure relief mechanism is reduced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The first protective component is pre-positioned to close the second through hole before thermal runaway occurs. This preliminary protective arrangement prevents emissions from directly impacting the pressure relief mechanism, and the component is designed to be destroyed only when necessary, thus providing protection without adding complex active control systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The first protective component provides localized protection specifically at the second through hole area where the pressure relief mechanism is vulnerable. Rather than protecting the entire battery cell uniformly, the protection is concentrated where it is most needed, optimizing the protection-to-complexity ratio.
3Strength
If the first support component is attached to the first wall, then structural support is improved, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The support structure is segmented into multiple components (first support component and second support component) that can be manufactured and positioned separately. The first support component attaches to the first wall while the second support component provides additional support, allowing for modular manufacturing and assembly with relaxed precision requirements compared to a single monolithic support structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The support component arrangement extends in multiple spatial dimensions, with the first support component attached to the first wall and the second support component positioned in relation to it. This multi-dimensional arrangement distributes the structural support function across different locations and orientations, reducing the precision burden on any single attachment point.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery includes: a battery cell with a pressure relief mechanism provided at a first wall thereof; a support component configured to support the battery cell and including first and second support components that are connected and located on the same side of the battery cell, the first support component being located between the first wall and the second support component and attached to the first wall, the first support component being provided with a first through hole corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism, and the second support component being provided with a second through hole corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism; and a first protective component configured to close the second through hole and to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so as to allow an emission from the battery cell to pass through the second support component.