Pressure Vessel Infrared Temperature Measurement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing pressure vessels for heating samples lack a safe, simple, compact, and precise temperature measurement system that is temperature and pressure resistant over a wide range, especially when used for microwave heating.
Innovation Solution
A pressure vessel with a microwave-permeable area and a hollow light guide tube extending to an infrared sensor, supported by an infrared-permeable pressure-receiving part, allows for non-contact temperature measurement using infrared radiation, while an insulating lining and cooling arrangement ensure thermal stability and protection from chemical corrosion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a conventional temperature measurement system is used in a pressure vessel, then the structure is simple, but the measurement precision and reliability are insufficient under high temperature and pressure conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional contact式 temperature measurement systems with an infrared optical measurement system. The infrared sensor detects thermal radiation from the sample through the transparent vessel wall, eliminating the need for physical temperature probes that would compromise the sealed pressure environment. This substitution enables precise non-contact temperature measurement while maintaining system simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an infrared-transparent window material as an intermediary between the sample and the infrared sensor. This window allows infrared radiation to pass through while maintaining the structural integrity and sealing of the pressure vessel, enabling the infrared sensor to accurately detect sample temperature without direct contact or interference from the high-pressure environment.
2Strength
If the pressure vessel is designed for high pressure resistance, then the strength is improved, but the infrared radiation transmission is blocked
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies different material properties to different parts of the pressure vessel. The main body of the vessel uses high-strength materials for pressure containment, while the window area uses infrared-transparent materials (such as sapphire, zinc selenide, or mylar) that allow infrared radiation to pass through. This local differentiation enables both high pressure resistance and infrared transmission in the same structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The pressure vessel employs composite construction combining pressure-resistant materials with infrared-transparent window materials. The window portion is specifically designed with materials that transmit infrared radiation while withstanding the internal pressure, creating a composite structure that simultaneously achieves mechanical strength and optical transparency for temperature measurement.
3Strength
If the vessel wall is made thick for pressure containment, then the pressure resistance is improved, but the infrared radiation is absorbed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the vessel wall thin specifically at the window area where infrared transmission is required, while maintaining thick walls in other areas for pressure containment. This localized thinning ensures that infrared radiation can pass through the window with minimal absorption, allowing accurate temperature measurement without compromising overall pressure resistance.
4Measurement precision
If contact temperature sensors are used inside the pressure vessel, then the measurement is direct, but the thermal load on the vessel increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces contact式 temperature sensors with non-contact infrared detection. The infrared sensor positioned outside the vessel detects thermal radiation emitted by the sample through the transparent window, eliminating the need for physical temperature probes inside the vessel. This substitution provides direct temperature measurement without introducing additional thermal load or mechanical complexity into the high-temperature environment.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise temperature measurement across a wide pressure range (5 bar to 400 bar) with reduced thermal load on the vessel, extending its service life and allowing for uniform heating and rapid cooling of samples.
Implementation Method 1
the light guide tube, which enables excellent non-contact measurement... the light-conducting tube is filled with gas, particularly preferably with infrared-transparent optical fibers for guiding the infrared radiation, the optical fibers preferably being oriented in the direction of a longitudinal extent of the light-conducting tube. It is therefore possible, particularly through the use of optical fibers, to improve the infrared radiation transmission through internal reflection.
Implementation Method 2
with a high transmittance for infrared radiation in the aforementioned range. The infrared sensor preferably has a measuring range of 1-8 μm, i.e. a high transmittance for infrared radiation in the aforementioned range.
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
AI summary
The tank (1) has a closable reaction chamber (2) formed as a pressure chamber for triggering and/or conveying chemical and/or physical pressure reactions at samples (P) to be heated. A hollow light tube (70) extends from a microwave-permeable region (80) to an infrared sensor (90) that conveys infrared radiation emitted by heated samples in the chamber during a pressure reaction at the sensor. An infrared-permeable pressure receiving part (71) is provided in the microwave-permeable region between the chamber and light tube, lies against the chamber and supports the tube in the region.