Pressurized Air Molded Transformer Insulation and Cooling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional molded transformers are limited to lower voltage and capacity due to the insulating and cooling performance of air at atmospheric pressure, restricting their application to around 33 kV in Japan and 77 kV elsewhere, and their cooling capacity is inferior to gas-insulated transformers like those using SF6.

Innovation Solution

A molded stationary induction apparatus with a closed vessel encapsulating air at higher pressure than atmospheric pressure, incorporating heat exchangers and a partition plate to enhance insulation and cooling, and optionally using fans to improve air circulation and cooling efficiency, while allowing for higher dielectric strength and capacity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If air at atmospheric pressure is used for insulation and cooling, then the transformer can be manufactured with simple structure, but the insulation performance limits voltage application to around 33 kV and cooling performance limits capacity to about 15 MVA

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidinsulation performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by pressurizing the air inside the sealed cabinet to higher than atmospheric pressure. This increases the density and dielectric strength of the air, thereby improving insulation performance between windings and between windings and ground, enabling higher voltage applications beyond the conventional 33 kV limit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies parameter changes by pressurizing the air inside the sealed cabinet to higher than atmospheric pressure. This increases the density and heat capacity of the air, thereby improving cooling performance and enabling larger transformer capacities beyond the conventional 15 MVA limit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If air at atmospheric pressure is used for cooling, then the transformer structure remains simple, but cooling performance is insufficient for larger capacity applications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural complexityVSAvoidcooling performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by pressurizing the air inside the sealed cabinet to higher than atmospheric pressure. This increases the density and heat capacity of the air, thereby improving cooling performance and enabling larger transformer capacities beyond the conventional 15 MVA limit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a partition plate that divides the cabinet into a high-voltage winding chamber and a low-voltage winding chamber. This segmentation improves cooling efficiency by directing pressurized air flow through specific paths and enhances insulation by creating separate zones for different voltage levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional molded transformer design is used, then manufacturing is straightforward, but voltage application is limited to around 33 kV in Japan and 77 kV abroad

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing easeVSAvoiddielectric strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by pressurizing the air inside the sealed cabinet to higher than atmospheric pressure. This increases the density and dielectric strength of the air, thereby improving insulation performance between windings and between windings and ground, enabling higher voltage applications beyond the conventional 33 kV limit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a partition plate that divides the cabinet into a high-voltage winding chamber and a low-voltage winding chamber. This segmentation improves insulation by creating separate zones for different voltage levels, reducing dielectric stress, and enabling higher voltage applications while maintaining straightforward manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Adaptability or versatility

If air at atmospheric pressure is used, then the transformer can operate in simple environmental conditions, but cooling efficiency is lower compared to gas-insulated transformers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental adaptabilityVSAvoidcooling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by pressurizing the air inside the sealed cabinet to higher than atmospheric pressure. This increases the density and heat capacity of the air, thereby improving cooling performance and reducing energy loss, achieving cooling efficiency comparable to or exceeding gas-insulated transformers while maintaining environmental adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables operation at higher voltages and larger capacities beyond conventional limits, with improved insulation and cooling performance, and facilitates easier maintenance and environmental compliance by using air instead of greenhouse gases.

Implementation Method 1

heat exchangers 4 for increasing the density of the air 7 inside the closed vessel 3 and cooling the air 7

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

air 7 having a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure... improved insulation... higher dielectric strength

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric strength: Dielectric

Implementation Method 3

heat exchangers 4 for increasing the density of the air 7 inside the closed vessel 3 and cooling the air 7

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDensity increase through cooling: Heat Exchanger

Data Source

PatentEP3151254B1Molded stationary induction apparatus and method for manufacturing molded stationary induction apparatus
Publication Date: 2021.03.24 TOSHIBA IND PROD & SERVICES CORP
  • EP3151254B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3151254B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3151254B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A molded stationary induction apparatus is provided with: a winding the surface of which is covered with resin or an insulating material containing resin; a closed vessel in which the winding is housed and air having pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure is sealed; and a heat exchanger which cools the air in the closed vessel.