Primer Design Algorithm for LAMP Assay Specificity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current primer design methods for the LAMP technique, such as PrimerExplorer and Visual OMP, have limitations in predicting melting temperatures and stability of primer dimers, leading to inefficient primer selection and potential formation of unwanted amplification products due to oversimplification of thermodynamic parameters and fixed concentration assumptions.

Innovation Solution

A computer-based method for designing primers that involves predicting stable structures and calculating effective melting temperatures by considering multiple primer interactions and varying reaction conditions, using algorithms for hybridization and folding to select optimal primer sets that meet specific design criteria, including melting temperature, stability, and amplicon length.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If fixed concentration assumptions are used in primer design software, then the design process is simplified, but the prediction accuracy of melting temperature and primer dimer stability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedesign process simplicityVSAvoidmelting temperature prediction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by allowing users to input actual reaction conditions (temperatures, salt concentrations, primer concentrations) rather than using fixed assumptions. The software dynamically adjusts thermodynamic calculations based on these variable parameters, enabling accurate Tm predictions and stability assessments that reflect real experimental conditions while maintaining an user-friendly interface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If multiple primer interactions are considered in primer design, then the accuracy of stability prediction is improved, but the computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestability prediction accuracyVSAvoidcomputational algorithm complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the complex computational task into distinct modular components: (1) individual primer property calculations, (2) primer-dimer interaction assessments, (3) multi-primer complex formation evaluations, and (4) overall stability synthesis. This segmentation allows the software to systematically handle multiple primer interactions through organized computational steps, improving accuracy while managing complexity through structured processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The software performs preliminary calculations of individual primer thermodynamic properties before assessing interactions. By pre-computing baseline parameters for each primer (melting temperature, stability constants), the system reduces the computational burden of subsequent interaction analyses, enabling comprehensive multi-primer stability assessment without excessive computational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If thermodynamic parameters are oversimplified in primer design, then the computational speed is improved, but the reliability of amplification reaction prediction deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomputational speedVSAvoidamplification reaction prediction reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements parameter changes by allowing dynamic adjustment of thermodynamic model complexity based on user needs. The software can operate with simplified parameters for rapid screening or incorporate detailed thermodynamic parameters (including actual salt concentrations, temperature effects, and primer-specific properties) for reliable prediction of amplification reactions. This flexibility maintains computational efficiency while enabling high-reliability predictions when required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables the design of primer sets with improved specificity and efficiency by accurately predicting primer interactions and stability, reducing the formation of unwanted products and enhancing the reliability of LAMP assays.

Implementation Method 1

predicting, from the multiple possible combinations between the candidate primer and the target nucleic acid sequence, the conformation of the most stable structure considering the values of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHybridization:

Implementation Method 2

subjecting the candidate primer to a folding algorithm to predict the conformation of the most stable structure of the hairpin of the candidate primer and calculate the ΔG, ΔH and ΔS values thereof

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFolding:

Data Source

PatentEP3394777B1Computer-based method for designing a set of primers
Publication Date: 2024.07.24 DIASORIN ITALIA SPA
  • EP3394777B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3394777B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3394777B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a computer-based method for designing a set of primers to be used for an amplification reaction of a sequence of a target nucleic acid. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing a target nucleic acid sequence; b) providing the conditions of the amplification reaction of the target nucleic acid sequence and design criteria of the primers; c) manually electing a candidate primer; d) subjecting the primer to a hybridization algorithm; e) subjecting the candidate primer to a folding algorithm to predict the conformation of the most stable structure of the hairpin of the candidate primer and calculate the ΔG, ΔΗ and ΔS values thereof; f) comparing said values obtained from the hybridization and folding algorithms with the design criteria; g) if the result of said comparison is acceptable, repeating steps b) -e) with another candidate primer until a set of primers is obtained, otherwise h) changing the selection of the candidate primer.