3D Printer Print Head Heating Layer Design

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current 3D printer print heads struggle to achieve high precision and speed while minimizing manufacturing tolerances and preventing plastic dripping, which affects printing efficiency and accuracy.

Innovation Solution

A print head design featuring a heating layer applied directly to a tube leading to a nozzle, with multiple independently controlled heating zones and a plastic housing for thermal insulation, allowing for rapid melting and cooling of plastic, reducing thermal capacity and minimizing heat dispersion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If a monoblock printhead design is used with a heating cartridge, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the heat capacity is high causing slow heating and cooling rates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidheating and cooling rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The printhead is divided into separate functional components: a heating element, a tube, and a nozzle. This segmentation allows the heating element to be optimized for rapid heating while the tube and nozzle are designed for precise plastic delivery, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing simplicity and heating speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The heating element is extracted from the monoblock structure and placed as a separate component that can be applied to the tube. This extraction enables the heating element to be optimized independently for rapid thermal response, eliminating the heat capacity limitations of the monoblock design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Manufacturing precision

If cooling elements are added to prevent heat dispersion, then plastic dripping is reduced, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprinting precisionVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling function is extracted and integrated into the tube structure itself through thermal conduction properties, eliminating the need for separate cooling elements. The tube acts as both a structural component and a thermal management element, reducing device complexity while maintaining printing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Temperature

If the heating element is applied to a metal tube, then thermal conduction is improved, but electrical insulation becomes problematic

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal conductionVSAvoidease of manufacture
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

A composite structure is used combining a metal tube with an electrical insulating intermediate layer. This composite design allows the metal tube to provide excellent thermal conduction for heating while the intermediate layer provides the necessary electrical insulation, resolving the contradiction between thermal performance and manufacturing feasibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables faster and more precise 3D printing with reduced plastic dripping, enhancing manufacturing efficiency and accuracy by focusing heat on the actual heating area and eliminating the need for cooling elements.

Implementation Method 1

a heating layer (4) which is applied to the tube (3)—directly or via an intermediate layer—by spraying, printing, or vapor deposition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

The tube (3) is surrounded by a plastic housing (2) which protects the heating element from environmental influences

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentEP3965528A1Print head for a 3D printer
Publication Date: 2022.03.09 FRITZ EICHENAUER GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3965528A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3965528A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3965528A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A print head for a 3D printer is described, comprising a nozzle (1) for dispensing molten plastic material, a tube (3) connected to the nozzle (1), and an electric heating element for melting the plastic material. According to the invention, the heating element is applied as a heating layer (4, 4a, 4b) to the tube (3) – directly or to an intermediate layer – by spraying, printing, or vapor deposition.