Probabilistic Random Access for 5G Beam Load Management
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Solution Overview
Problem
In wireless communication systems, particularly in 5G NR, there is a challenge in managing contention-based random access in scenarios where multiple devices, such as RedCap devices, simultaneously attempt to access the network, leading to potential overloading of certain beams, resulting in inefficient resource utilization and access delays.
Innovation Solution
A user equipment (UE) generates a random number over an interval and transmits a random access preamble only if the number meets a threshold value; if it does not meet the threshold, the UE attempts access in a subsequent set of random access occasions, allowing for dynamic adjustment of the threshold value based on previous attempts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple devices simultaneously attempt contention-based random access, then network access capability is improved, but beam overloading occurs and resource utilization deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic threshold adjustment where the base station monitors beam loading conditions and dynamically modifies the random access preamble transmission threshold. When beam overloading is detected, the threshold is increased to reduce the probability of preamble transmission, thereby adapting the system to current load conditions and preventing further overloading while maintaining network access capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of random access preamble transmission probability by adjusting the threshold value based on beam loading conditions. This parameter change allows the system to control the quantity of access attempts directed at overloaded beams, resolving the contradiction between maintaining access capability and reducing beam load through probabilistic transmission control.
2Speed
If devices transmit random access preambles frequently, then access speed is improved, but resource utilization deteriorates due to simultaneous attempts
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the transmission threshold based on real-time beam loading feedback. When loading is high, the threshold increases to spread access attempts over time, improving resource utilization. When loading is low, the threshold decreases to allow faster access, maintaining access speed. This dynamic adaptation resolves the contradiction between speed and resource utilization.
Solution Approach 2:
The base station provides feedback to devices about beam loading conditions, which devices use to adjust their preamble transmission behavior. This feedback mechanism allows the system to coordinate access attempts, reducing simultaneous transmissions that waste resources while maintaining overall access speed through adaptive threshold adjustment.
3Quantity of substance
If devices wait for subsequent access occasions, then beam overloading is reduced, but access delay increases
Solution Approach 1:
The threshold adjustment is dynamic and condition-dependent. Devices do not always wait for subsequent occasions; instead, they transmit immediately when the random number meets the threshold. This dynamic behavior reduces access delay when beams are underloaded while still implementing waiting behavior when overloaded, resolving the contradiction between reducing beam load and minimizing access delay.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements partial waiting behavior only when necessary. By using a probabilistic threshold, some devices transmit immediately (partial action) while others wait (excessive action relative to minimum needed). This partial/excessive approach balances beam load reduction with acceptable access delay, avoiding complete waiting that would maximize delay.
Data Source
AI summary
Generating, by a user equipment (UE) of a wireless access network, for a set of contention-based random access occasions of a base station of the network, a random number over an interval. For the generated random number meeting a threshold value within the interval, transmitting, by the UE and to the base station, a random access preamble within one of the random access occasions of the set. For the generated random number not meeting the threshold value, attempting, by the UE, contention-based access to the network within a subsequent set of random access occasions of the base station, the subsequent set of random access occasions occurring after the set of contention-based random access occasions of the base station.