Process for obtaining carbon dioxide from furnace combustion fumes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for recovering carbon dioxide from combustion fumes are costly and inefficient, requiring significant energy consumption and low production yields, making it unfeasible for industrial use due to high concentrations in air necessitating large air filtration.
Innovation Solution
A process involving compression and cooling of furnace combustion fumes to separate liquid water, followed by expansion and filtration using materials like fullerenes and zeolites to achieve substantially pure gaseous carbon dioxide, which can be further processed into dry ice.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If carbon dioxide is separated from air through filtration, then carbon dioxide can be obtained, but huge quantities of air must be filtered resulting in significant energy consumption and poor yield
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts carbon dioxide directly from combustion fumes where it is already concentrated (8-15%), rather than extracting it from air where it comprises only 0.041%. This extraction from a pre-concentrated source eliminates the need to process huge quantities of air, thereby dramatically reducing energy consumption while maintaining high production yield.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the source parameter from atmospheric air (0.041% CO2) to combustion fumes (8-15% CO2). By changing the source concentration parameter, the process achieves high yield without requiring large volumes of processing material, thus reducing energy consumption associated with handling and filtering huge air quantities.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If carbon dioxide is recovered from combustion fumes, then environmental harm is reduced and reuse is enabled, but the process must be simple and inexpensive to be economically viable
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the harmful waste stream (carbon dioxide-enriched combustion fumes) into a valuable resource (pure carbon dioxide for industrial reuse). By treating the harmful emission as the feedstock for a useful product, the process simultaneously reduces environmental harm and creates economic value, making the recovery process viable without requiring complex or expensive operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention recovers carbon dioxide from what would otherwise be discarded combustion fumes. Instead of simply discarding the CO2-rich exhaust, the process captures and purifies it for reuse in industrial applications such as degreasing, acid correction, and environmental conditioning, thereby reducing environmental harm while maintaining economic simplicity.
3Productivity
If carbon dioxide is obtained for industrial reuse, then economic and environmental benefits are achieved, but the separation process from air distillation is costly and has low production yield
Solution Approach 1:
The invention performs preliminary concentration of carbon dioxide through combustion processes, where the fuel combustion naturally produces CO2-enriched fumes (8-15% CO2). This preliminary action creates a pre-concentrated feedstock that requires minimal further processing to achieve high-purity carbon dioxide, thereby maximizing production yield while minimizing the energy required for the actual separation process.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This process allows for the efficient and cost-effective recovery of high-purity carbon dioxide from furnace fumes, preventing atmospheric dispersion and enabling its reuse in various industrial applications, including production of dry ice for cleaning and environmental conditioning.
Implementation Method 1
compressing the furnace combustion fumes to a pressure value P1, wherein P1 is higher than an atmospheric pressure, while cooling the furnace combustion fumes during compression so that their temperature does not exceed 80° C., thereby obtaining formation of liquid water
Implementation Method 2
expanding the compressed gas to a pressure value P2, wherein P2 is higher than the atmospheric pressure and lower than P1, thereby obtaining an expanded gas
Implementation Method 3
separating the carbon dioxide by passing the expanded gas obtained in the preceding step through a filter comprising a gas-separating material selected from the group consisting of fullerenes, natural zeolites, synthetic zeolites, aluminum phosphates, polymeric cyano-complexes
Data Source
AI summary
A process for obtaining carbon dioxide from furnace combustion fumes is provided. The process comprises removing water vapour occurring in combustion fumes through successive gas compression and expansion steps; separating carbon dioxide from oxygen and nitrogen through the use of a filter comprising a gas-separating material, including fullerenes and zeolites, to obtain substantially pure gaseous carbon dioxide; subsequently optionally producing dry ice through further steps of compression and expansion of the substantially pure gaseous carbon dioxide obtained in the preceding steps.