Processor Instruction Lookahead Annotation Logic

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Solution Overview

Problem

Processors face inefficiencies due to delays in accessing memory locations and predicting instruction dependencies, leading to suboptimal execution and parallelism in multi-threaded environments.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating annotation logic to determine a lookahead distance for instructions, which measures register dependence, and using this information to issue instructions only when all predecessors have retired or issued, ensuring correct order and enforcing dependences through explicit dependence lookahead.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the processor speculatively predicts instruction dependences to execute instructions in parallel, then instruction level parallelism is improved, but the processor may have to discard incorrectly predicted results and re-execute instructions in the correct order

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstruction level parallelismVSAvoidprediction accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by annotating instructions with dependence information before execution. The annotation logic determines and stores dependence distances for instructions in advance, allowing the issue logic to make informed decisions about instruction issuance without speculative prediction, thereby avoiding the need to discard incorrectly predicted results

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by using the annotated dependence information to control instruction issuance. The issue logic uses the stored dependence distances to determine when instructions are ready to be issued, creating a feedback mechanism that ensures correct execution order based on actual dependence relationships rather than speculative predictions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If the processor waits for memory access or instruction completion to maintain correctness, then prediction accuracy is improved, but execution speed deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprediction accuracyVSAvoidexecution speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The annotation logic performs preliminary analysis of instruction dependences and stores the results in the instruction cache. This allows the issue logic to quickly determine instruction readiness without waiting for actual memory access or instruction completion, thereby maintaining execution speed while ensuring correctness through pre-computed dependence information

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If the processor fetches instructions from a different thread to maintain efficiency during waits, then productivity is improved, but thread management complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveexecution efficiencyVSAvoidthread management
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies self-service by enabling each thread to independently provide its own readiness information through the annotated dependence distances. The issue logic can efficiently determine which instructions from any thread are ready to be issued based on the pre-stored dependence information, reducing the complexity of cross-thread coordination and management

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3446207B1Processor with instruction lookahead issue logic
Publication Date: 2022.09.21 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3446207B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3446207B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3446207B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A processor having an instruction cache for storing a plurality of instructions is provided. The processor further includes annotation logic configured to determine a lookahead distance associated with an instruction and annotate the at least one instruction cache with the lookahead distance. The lookahead distance may correspond to a number of instructions that separates an instruction that references a register from the most recent register definition. The lookahead distance may indicate the shortest distance to a later instruction that references a register that this instruction defines.