Processor Register Obsolescence Encoding for Context Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing processor-based systems face inefficiencies in managing register values, particularly when values stored in registers become obsolete after instruction execution, leading to unnecessary context saving and restoration during process switching.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of obsolescence encoding in processor instructions allows the processor to identify and obsolete register values that will not be used by subsequent instructions, thereby ignoring these values to improve performance and reduce memory usage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the processor saves and restores all register values during context switching, then the process context is fully preserved, but the processing time and memory usage increase unnecessarily for obsolete values

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontext preservationVSAvoidcontext switching time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the necessary register values from the full register set during context switching. By identifying which registers contain live values that will be used by the process, the system saves only those specific values rather than all register contents, thereby reducing context switching time and memory usage while preserving the required process state

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different treatment to different registers based on their individual usage characteristics. Each register is analyzed to determine whether its value is live or dead, and only registers containing live values are saved. This localized approach ensures that the context switching operation is optimized for each specific register rather than applying a uniform save-all strategy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Adaptability or versatility

If the processor maintains all register values as persistent, then any subsequent instruction can access them, but memory usage increases and performance decreases when values are not reused

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveregister value accessibilityVSAvoidprocessor performance
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a mechanism to discard register values that are determined to be dead (not used by subsequent instructions). By identifying and discarding these obsolete values, the system recovers memory space and reduces the overhead of maintaining unnecessary state, thereby improving processor performance while still preserving all live values for future access

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

Data Source

PatentEP4070189B1Obsoleting values stored in registers in a processor, based on processing obsolescent register-encoded instructions
Publication Date: 2025.02.19 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP4070189B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4070189B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4070189B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Obsoleting values stored in registers in a processor based on processing obsolescent register-encoded instructions is disclosed. The processor is configured to support execution of read and/or write instructions that include obsolescence encoding indicating that one or more of its source and/or target register operands are to be obsoleted by the processor. A register encoded as obsolescent means the data value stored in such register will not be used by subsequent instructions in an instruction stream, and thus does not need to be retained. Thus, such register can be set as being in an obsolescent state so that the data value stored in such register can be ignored to improve performance. As one example, data values for registers having an obsolescent state can be ignored and thus not stored in a saved context for a process being switched out, thus conserving memory and improving processing time for a process switch.