Progesterone Measuring Kit Reducing False Positives
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for measuring progesterone, particularly in biological samples, face challenges such as low sensitivity for detecting small amounts of progesterone, false positives due to nonspecific adsorption, and increased noise, which hinder accurate measurement across a wide concentration range.
Innovation Solution
A progesterone measuring kit and method that utilize a combination of first and second particles, where the first particle is labeled and modified with a specific binding substance for progesterone, and the second particle is unlabelled and modified with a non-specific binding substance. The kit includes a flow channel and a substrate for binding the particles, with specific particle diameters and compounds to enhance sensitivity and reduce noise.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If fluorescence detection method is used to measure progesterone, then sensitivity is improved, but false positives occur due to nonspecific adsorption
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a blocking agent as an intermediary substance that specifically binds to nonspecific adsorption sites on the sensor chip surface. This blocking agent prevents progesterone or other substances from adsorbing nonspecifically, thereby eliminating false positives while preserving the fluorescence detection method's high sensitivity for specific progesterone measurement
Solution Approach 2:
The patent separates the specific detection function from the nonspecific adsorption problem by extracting and addressing the nonspecific adsorption issue independently through blocking agent treatment. This allows the fluorescence detection system to maintain its sensitivity advantage while the blocking agent specifically targets and eliminates the source of false positives
2Measurement precision
If surface plasmon excitation is used to enhance fluorescence signal, then measurement sensitivity is improved, but noise increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful noise generated by surface plasmon excitation into a beneficial effect by using the same plasmon resonance phenomenon to enhance the fluorescence signal of the blocking agent. This allows simultaneous reduction of false positives and control of noise levels through optimized blocking agent selection and concentration
3Reliability
If blocking agents are added to suppress nonsspecific reaction, then false positives are reduced, but measurement noise increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes multiple parameters including blocking agent concentration, particle size distribution, and fluorescence label characteristics to achieve the optimal balance between reducing false positives and minimizing noise. By carefully controlling these parameters, the system achieves low false positive rates without significant noise increase
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed solution enables high-precision measurement of progesterone across a wide concentration range, from low to high, while minimizing false positives and noise, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of progesterone detection in biological samples.
Implementation Method 1
a first particle having a label and modified with a first binding substance capable of specifically binding to progesterone... wherein the first particle having a label contains at least one compound represented by Formula (1)
Implementation Method 2
The surface plasmon is generated in the metal layer by the irradiation with the excitation light, and the signal/noise ratio (S/N ratio) is improved by fluorescence enhancement, which is induced by the electric field enhancement effect caused by generation of the surface plasmon
Data Source
AI summary
An object of the present invention is to provide a kit, a method, and a reagent which prevent the problem of false positive due to nonspecific adsorption, suppress the increase in noise to be generated, and are capable of achieving high-precision measurement of progesterone in a wide concentration range from a low concentration to a high concentration, in the measurement of progesterone in a biological sample. The present invention provides a progesterone measuring kit including a first particle having a label and modified with a first binding substance, a second particle having no label and modified with a second binding substance, a flow channel, and a substrate, in which the first particle contains a compound represented by Formula (1) and a particle, and an average particle diameter of the first particles is 50 to 250 nm, an average particle diameter of the second particles is 70 to 500 nm, and the average particle diameter of the second particles is larger than the average particle diameter of the first particles.Each symbol in the formula has the meaning described in the present specification.