Programmable I/O Circuit With Dynamic Multi-Voltage Signal Paths
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional input/output circuits are limited in programmability, unable to dynamically adjust voltage levels for input and output signals, and lack the ability to enable analog and digital signal paths without CPU intervention, restricting their versatility in communicating with external devices.
Innovation Solution
A programmable input/output circuit that includes adjustable output and input buffers with user-selectable reference voltages, enabling dynamic control of voltage levels and independent management of signal paths, allowing for multiple voltage levels and dynamic switching without CPU intervention.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional CMOS input/output circuits are used with fixed voltage levels, then the circuit structure is simple, but the adaptability to different voltage levels is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic voltage level selection by allowing the circuit to switch between different reference voltages (Vref1, Vref2, etc.) based on configuration settings. The output driver can dynamically adjust its output voltage levels, and the input comparator can dynamically select different reference voltages for threshold comparison, enabling the same circuit to adapt to multiple voltage standards without physical redesign
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electrical parameters of the circuit by introducing multiple selectable reference voltage levels. The output driver's voltage swing is no longer fixed but can be configured to different levels, and the input detection threshold is changed by selecting different reference voltages. This parameter variability allows the circuit to interface with devices operating at different voltage levels
2Adaptability or versatility
If conventional input/output circuits with fixed output levels are used, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the programmability of voltage levels is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal input/output circuit that can serve multiple voltage level requirements through a single design. The output driver is configured to provide multiple selectable voltage levels, and the input path can detect signals at different voltage thresholds by selecting appropriate reference voltages. This multi-functional capability is achieved through standard CMOS processes with added configuration control
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional input/output circuits are used without dynamic path selection, then the control logic is simple, but the ability to enable analog and digital paths independently is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the input/output circuit into distinct functional paths: an analog signal path and a digital signal path. Each path can be independently enabled or disabled through separate control signals. The input buffer and output driver are controlled by independent enable signals, allowing the circuit to selectively activate only the required path based on the operating mode, reducing unnecessary power consumption and interference
Data Source
AI summary
A programmable input/output circuit includes a programmable output circuit configured to drive an output signal to an input/output pad at a plurality of voltages. The programmable input/output circuit further includes a programmable input configured to detect an input signal from the input/output pad at a plurality of voltages. The voltage levels of the input and output circuits may be independently and dynamically controllable.