ProGRP Immunoassay Plasma Sample Stabilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
The stability of ProGRP 31-98 in plasma samples is inferior to general antigens used in immunoassays, requiring special storage conditions and labor-intensive processes, leading to inefficiencies in testing due to its low molecular weight and susceptibility to degradation by blood coagulation factors.
Innovation Solution
Using plasma as a sample with anticoagulants like EDTA, heparin, or citric acid to prevent blood coagulation factor activation, thereby stabilizing ProGRP 31-98 for extended storage periods without freezing, allowing for more convenient and accurate immunoassay results.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If serum is used as the sample for ProGRP immunoassay, then the assay can be performed with conventional sample handling, but the sample stability is insufficient requiring freezing within 3-24 hours
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces plasma as an intermediary sample type between serum and the ProGRP antigen. By using plasma instead of serum, the sample provides a more stable environment for ProGRP 31-98, extending stability from 3-24 hours to 7 days at room temperature, while eliminating the need for freezing and thawing operations
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the sample matrix parameter from serum to plasma. This parameter change fundamentally alters the stability characteristics of ProGRP 31-98, allowing the sample to maintain stability for 7 days at room temperature rather than requiring freezing within 3-24 hours, thereby resolving the contradiction between reliability and ease of operation
2Productivity
If ProGRP 31-98 is assayed in serum, then conventional immunoassay procedures can be used, but frequent freezing and thawing operations are required
Solution Approach 1:
Plasma serves as an intermediary sample that eliminates the need for freezing and thawing operations. By using plasma instead of serum, the sample remains stable for 7 days at room temperature, completely removing the time-consuming freezing/thawing/centrifugation steps and thereby improving productivity while reducing time loss
3Ease of operation
If ProGRP 31-98 is assayed with conventional serum storage, then standard laboratory procedures apply, but special storage conditions and operations are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the storage condition parameter from refrigeration/freezing to room temperature storage by switching from serum to plasma. This parameter change makes storage as convenient as common cancer markers (CEA, AFP, CA 19-9) while maintaining superior stability, thereby improving ease of operation without compromising reliability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method significantly extends the storage period of ProGRP samples from 3 to 24 hours at refrigeration and up to 1 week at room temperature, reducing the need for freezing and thawing, and enhancing the stability and accuracy of ProGRP assays, preventing false negative results and improving detection sensitivity for lung cancer.
Implementation Method 1
Using plasma as a sample with anticoagulants like EDTA, heparin, or citric acid to prevent blood coagulation factor activation
Data Source
AI summary
To provide a more convenient and more accurate method of assaying ProGRP by improving the stability of ProGRP which is known to be unstable in a biological sample.By using a blood sample in a condition in which a blood coagulation factor is not activated is used as a sample, the degradation of ProGRP is suppressed, whereby it is possible to store a sample for a long period of time and to improve the accuracy of an assay.