3D Mapping Using Projected Spot Patterns
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing optical 3D mapping methods are inefficient and inaccurate due to the need for complex setups and moving parts, particularly when attempting to reconstruct 3D maps quickly and accurately using laser speckle patterns or other projection methods.
Innovation Solution
A system that projects a pattern of spots onto an object using a single, stationary transparency and a stationary image capture assembly, with a processor to reconstruct a 3D map from images captured at a fixed location, utilizing uncorrelated patterns such as pseudo-random or quasi-periodic patterns to enhance accuracy and speed.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If laser speckle patterns are used for 3D mapping, then measurement precision can be improved, but device complexity and the need for moving parts increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the essential function of pattern projection by using a simple transparency with fixed spots instead of complex laser speckle generation systems. The transparency contains a predetermined arrangement of spots that can be projected using ordinary light sources, eliminating the need for coherent light sources and diffusers while maintaining the ability to measure depth through pattern displacement.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces expensive, complex laser speckle patterns with a simple, inexpensive transparency containing fixed spots. This transparency can be easily manufactured and replaced if needed, providing a cost-effective solution that maintains functional equivalence for 3D mapping purposes without requiring sophisticated optical components.
2Measurement precision
If complex projection patterns are used for 3D reconstruction, then measurement precision improves, but productivity decreases due to complex setup and processing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the projection pattern into discrete, fixed spots arranged in a predetermined pattern on the transparency. This segmentation allows for simpler projection and image capture compared to continuous laser speckle patterns, reducing the computational complexity of processing while maintaining sufficient precision for 3D reconstruction through spot displacement analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The transparency is pre-configured with a fixed pattern of spots before use. This preliminary arrangement eliminates the need for real-time pattern generation or complex setup during the 3D mapping process, allowing for rapid acquisition of depth information through simple image capture and processing of the projected spot pattern.
3Device complexity
If stationary transparency with fixed pattern is used, then device complexity is reduced, but adaptability to different objects may be limited
Solution Approach 1:
The transparency with its fixed spot pattern serves multiple functions: it can project patterns onto various types of objects (flat surfaces, curved surfaces, three-dimensional objects), and the same basic setup can be used for different applications including 3D mapping, object recognition, and motion analysis. The universal applicability stems from the ability to capture and process spot displacement patterns on any object surface.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables fast and accurate 3D reconstruction of objects using a simple, cost-effective setup, capable of capturing object movement and gestures, with improved signal-to-noise ratio and reduced computational complexity.
Implementation Method 1
a light source, which is configured to transilluminate the single transparency with optical radiation so as to project the pattern onto the object
Implementation Method 2
an image capture assembly, which is configured to capture an image of the pattern that is projected onto the object using the single transparency
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatus for mapping an object includes an illumination assembly, which includes a single transparency containing a fixed pattern of spots. A light source transilluminates the single transparency with optical radiation so as to project the pattern onto the object. An image capture assembly captures an image of the pattern that is projected onto the object using the single transparency. A processor processes the image captured by the image capture assembly so as to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) map of the object.