Projectile Core Liner Deformation Reduces Ricochet
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional projectiles face challenges in achieving superior penetration and fragmentation, especially at non-normal angles of approach, and often use toxic or environmentally harmful materials.
Innovation Solution
A projectile design featuring a liner with an interior void and a core positioned at the trailing end, where the core travels through the liner's leading end to impact the target, creating deformation and reducing ricochet risk, and the liner fragments to enhance lethality.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If a dense metal core is used to increase momentum and penetration capability, then penetration capability is improved, but the projectile may ricochet off the target as the angle of approach increases
Solution Approach 1:
The projectile is segmented into a dense metal core and a surrounding liner structure. The core provides penetration capability while the liner fragments to reduce ricochet probability, dividing the functions between separate components
Solution Approach 2:
The projectile uses composite materials combining a dense metal core (for penetration) with a liner material (for fragmentation and ricochet reduction). This composite structure allows both penetration capability and reduced ricochet probability to be achieved simultaneously
2Object-generated harmful factors
If a secondary explosive charge is used to cause fragmentation on impact, then fragmentation capability is improved, but penetration capability is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The projectile separates fragmentation function (performed by the liner) from penetration function (performed by the dense metal core). The liner is designed to fragment outwardly while the core maintains penetration capability, eliminating the trade-off present in explosive-charge-based designs
3Strength
If commonly used metals such as lead or spent uranium-238 are used, then penetration capability is improved, but long term toxic and environmentally harmful effects occur
Solution Approach 1:
The material composition parameter is changed from toxic metals (lead, uranium-238) to non-toxic alternatives that can still achieve required penetration capability when combined with the dense metal core and liner configuration
Solution Approach 2:
The projectile uses composite materials where a small dense metal core provides penetration while the majority of the structure uses non-toxic materials, reducing overall toxicity while maintaining penetration performance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design enhances penetration and fragmentation capabilities while minimizing ricochet and environmental impact by using a core that travels through the liner to impact the target, ensuring effective penetration and controlled fragmentation.
Implementation Method 1
the core travels in a direction of flight through the leading end portion of the liner to impact the object
Implementation Method 2
the core travels through the leading end portion of the liner to impact the target
Implementation Method 3
the liner may be configured to fragment outwardly from the core as the core travels through the leading end portion of the liner
Implementation Method 4
the liner may be configured to fragment outwardly from the core
Data Source
AI summary
A projectile has a liner forming an interior void, and a core disposed in a first region of the void proximal to a trailing end portion of the liner, with a portion of the void disposed forward with respect to the core. An outer jacket covers a leading end portion of the liner to enclose the interior void. When the projectile impacts a target object, the core travels in a direction of flight through the leading end portion of the liner to impact the object. When the projectile impacts a target surface at a non-zero angle of approach with respect to the normal of the target surface, the projectile creates a deformation in the target surface immediately before the core travels through the leading end portion of the liner to impact the target. This deformation reduces the probability that the core will ricochet off the deformed portion of the surface.