Proof-of-Nonce Blockchain Consensus Node Selection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current blockchain consensus algorithms, such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS), face challenges including high resource consumption, centralization, and vulnerability to forks and tampering, which affect scalability and security, particularly in public and private blockchains.

Innovation Solution

A distributed consensus algorithm using a Proof-of-Nonce (PoN) method that selects nodes unpredictably to participate in block generation, minimizing resource consumption and ensuring that selected nodes probabilistically represent all nodes, thereby preventing forks and arbitrary ledger alterations, applicable to both public and private blockchains.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If all nodes participate in consensus (public blockchain), then security and decentralization are improved, but resource consumption and processing efficiency deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovesecurityVSAvoidresource consumption

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the node population into different roles: master nodes that generate blocks and candidate nodes that validate them. This segmentation allows the system to maintain security through distributed validation while reducing overall resource consumption by having only a subset of nodes perform computationally intensive block generation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements partial participation in consensus by selecting a specific number of candidate nodes (e.g., 3 candidates) for each block generation event. This partial action approach ensures adequate validation coverage while avoiding the excessive resource consumption that would result from having all nodes participate fully in every consensus event.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #16Partial or excessive action

2Productivity

If authorized nodes maintain blocks (private blockchain), then processing efficiency is improved, but decentralization and security advantages deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveprocessing efficiencyVSAvoidsecurity

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces dynamic node selection where the set of authorized nodes changes over time based on cryptographic proofs and random selection mechanisms. This dynamic approach allows private blockchains to maintain high processing efficiency through a limited authorized set while preserving security through periodic rotation and unpredictable selection of participating nodes.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses cryptographic intermediaries (proofs of work, proofs of presence, verifiable random functions) as mediators between the authorized nodes and the blockchain state. These intermediaries enable efficient verification of node authorization and block validity without requiring all authorized nodes to be constantly active, thus maintaining both efficiency and security.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Use of energy by moving object

If nodes are selected predictably for block generation, then resource consumption is reduced, but vulnerability to attacks and forks increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveresource consumptionVSAvoidfork prevention

Core Design Contradiction:

Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces predictable mechanical selection (e.g., round-robin, fixed schedules) with cryptographic random selection mechanisms. Verifiable random functions and hash-based selection provide unpredictable node choice that consumes minimal resources while making it computationally infeasible for attackers to predict or manipulate which nodes will be selected, thereby preventing forks and attacks.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Adaptability or versatility

If more nodes participate in block generation, then decentralization is improved, but consensus agreement and fork prevention deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovedecentralizationVSAvoidconsensus agreement

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where selected candidate nodes submit their generated blocks to the network for validation. The master node and other nodes verify the validity of these blocks based on cryptographic proofs and consensus rules. This feedback loop ensures that even with multiple decentralized participants, only valid blocks that meet consensus criteria are accepted, preventing forks while maintaining decentralization.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentUS11831750B2Method for selecting consensus node using nonce and method and apparatus for generating blockchain using the same

Publication Date: 2023.11.28 ELECTRONICS & TELECOMM RES INST

AI summary

Disclosed herein is a method for generating a blockchain, which includes selecting, by a first master node that generated a first block, second candidate nodes from a node pool according to a consensus node selection scheme using a nonce, and selecting, by the first master node, a second master node using the result of a vote taken by first candidate nodes. Here, among candidate blocks generated by the second candidate nodes, the candidate block generated by the second master node is locked as a second block.