Propelled Endoscopy Capsule for In Vivo Steering and Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Capsule endoscopy systems lack control over the camera orientation and movement within the gastrointestinal tract, leading to missed areas of interest and prolonged imaging times, necessitating patient return for data retrieval.
Innovation Solution
Ingestible devices with propulsion units and control mechanisms, including rotors and steering components, enable precise maneuvering and orientation of the capsule to focus on areas of interest within the gastrointestinal tract, allowing real-time image transmission and data collection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If capsule endoscopy systems use passive movement through the gastrointestinal tract, then the device structure remains simple, but the camera cannot be oriented or positioned to focus on areas of interest
Solution Approach 1:
The propulsion unit is segmented into multiple independent rotor assemblies (typically three rotors arranged radially), each capable of independent rotation and control. This segmentation allows precise control of capsule orientation and position by varying the rotation speed and direction of individual rotors, while keeping each rotor module relatively simple in structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The rotor assemblies serve multiple functions: they provide propulsion by pushing against the gastrointestinal tract wall, enable orientation control by adjusting rotation speeds, and allow position adjustment by differential rotation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate control mechanisms, balancing operational capability with device complexity.
2Productivity
If the capsule moves passively through the gastrointestinal tract, then the device requires fewer components, but imaging time is prolonged and areas of interest may be missed
Solution Approach 1:
The capsule transitions from passive to active movement through the gastrointestinal tract. The control system dynamically adjusts the rotation speeds of individual rotors based on real-time imaging data and pre-programmed navigation algorithms, enabling the capsule to actively seek out and focus on areas of interest, thereby improving imaging efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The capsule incorporates a feedback loop where imaging data from onboard cameras is processed to identify areas of interest, and this information feeds back to the control system which adjusts rotor speeds accordingly. This feedback mechanism enables the capsule to automatically navigate to and linger on areas requiring closer examination, reducing total imaging time and improving productivity.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple rotors with different pitch angles are used for propulsion, then the capsule achieves better maneuverability and control, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The rotor assemblies are configured with asymmetric pitch angles relative to the capsule axis. Typically, the rotors are angled at specific pitch angles (e.g., 45 degrees) to optimize thrust vectoring. This asymmetric configuration allows the capsule to achieve maneuverability in multiple directions by selectively activating and varying the rotation of individual rotors, providing versatile control while maintaining a relatively simple radial arrangement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances the ability to capture targeted imagery in vivo, reducing the need for patient retrieval and improving the efficiency of capsule endoscopy procedures.
Implementation Method 1
Each rotor of the first and second pairs of rotors is configured to draw fluid through a corresponding inlet formed in the capsule and discharge the fluid through a corresponding outlet nozzle formed in the capsule to propel the capsule
Data Source
AI summary
An ingestible device includes a cylindrical capsule having a central axis defined therethrough, a proximal end portion, and an atraumatically shaped distal end portion. A propulsion unit is disposed at the proximal end portion of the capsule for effecting movement of the capsule within an in vivo environment.